Analysis of the Horizontal Distribution of Sampling Points for Gas Concentrations Monitoring in an Open-Sided Dairy Barn

• Published in: Animals (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 23; p. 3258
• Main Authors: D'Urso, Provvidenza Rita, Arcidiacono, Claudia, Cascone, Giovanni
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 23.11.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Air quality; Ammonia; Animals; Barns; Carbon dioxide; Dairy farming; Datasets; Farm buildings; gas concentrations; gas distribution; Gases; Horizontal distribution; Indoor air pollution; Indoor environments; Intensive farming; Livestock; Localization; Methane; Mitigation; Monitoring; number of repetitions; Pollutants; Position measurement; Sampling; sampling locations; sampling strategies; Spectroscopy; Sprinkler systems; Standard deviation; Variability; Ventilation; number of repetitions; sampling strategies; sampling locations; variability; gas concentrations; gas distribution
• ISSN: 2076-2615; 2076-2615
• DOI: 10.3390/ani12233258

In the livestock sector, the monitoring of gas concentrations plays a relevant role in the implementation of mitigation strategies, as well as the improvement in the indoor air quality for both workers and animals in barns. In the present study, measurements of gas concentrations (NH3, CH4, and CO2) at different locations were carried out in an open dairy barn using a commercial photo-acoustic spectroscopy system. Measurement variability for different datasets was computed to contribute to the evaluation of the sampling strategy in the measurement campaign. The results showed that the position of sampling locations (SLs) significantly influenced (p < 0.001) the variability in the gas distribution. Specifically, the SLs located on the perimeter of the building had the highest variability. The number of SLs utilised for determining the mean value of gas concentration in the barn had a significant influence on NH3 (p < 0.001), CO2 (p < 0.001), and CH4 (p < 0.001) in both the central zone and the perimeter one. At least three SLs were necessary to obtain a mean value of gas concentration that reduced the variability to under the 10% in the central zone and 16% in the perimeter one. Moreover, the NH3 concentrations obtained as the mean value of the gas measurements at two SLs with a 10 m distance had a lower variability compared to those recorded at two SLs located at 5 m.