Levels of zinc, copper, cadmium, and lead in fruits and vegetables grown and consumed in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia

• Published in: Environmental monitoring and assessment Vol. 187; no. 11; pp. 676 - 11
• Main Authors: Oteef, Mohammed D. Y., Fawy, Khaled F., Abd-Rabboh, Hisham S. M., Idris, Abubakr M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.11.2015; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Agricultural production; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Atomic absorption spectrophotometry; Cadmium; Cadmium - analysis; Consumption; Copper; Copper - analysis; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecology; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Management; Environmental Monitoring; Food safety; Fruit - chemistry; Fruits; Heavy metal content; Heavy metals; Lead; Lettuce; Lycopersicon esculentum; Metals; Metals - analysis; Monitoring/Environmental Analysis; Pesticides; Polyethylene; Prunus; Reference materials; Saudi Arabia; Soil contaminants; Spectral analysis; Spectrophotometry; Spectrophotometry, Atomic; Spinach; Spinacia oleracea; Statistical analysis; Studies; Tomatoes; Vegetables; Vegetables - chemistry; Zinc; Zinc - analysis; Saudi Arabia; Saudi Arabia; Vegetables; Aseer; Metal levels; Heavy metals; Fruits; Atomic absorption spectrometry
• ISSN: 0167-6369; 1573-2959
• DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4905-8

The levels of four metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb) were evaluated in two fruit types (apricot and fig), a fruity vegetable (tomato), and three leafy vegetables (arugula, spinach, and lettuce) that are commonly grown and consumed in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia. Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry was employed for quantification. The quality of results was checked by a certified reference material (NIST SRM 1570a). Good recovery values in the range of 87–104 % were achieved. Metals were quantified in washed and unwashed samples to evaluate the effect of washing. Statistically, no significant difference was noticed ( p  > 0.05), except for Zn in arugula and Cu in apricot and spinach. The levels of metals found in the analyzed fruits and vegetables were in their normal ranges in crops and not posing any serious risks to the consumers in Aseer Region. The toxic elements Pb and Cd were well below the maximum levels set in the Saudi and international food standards. Zn and Cu levels were comparable to the ranges reported in worldwide previous studies.