The Yield of Repeat Angiography in Angiography-Negative Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

• Published in: Journal of neurosciences in rural practice Vol. 11; no. 4; pp. 565 - 572
• Main Authors: Yeole, Ujwal, Nagesh, Madhusudhan, Shukla, Dhaval, R., Aravind H., R., Prabhuraj A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd 01.10.2020
• Subjects: Original; Original Article; angiography negative; repeat DSA; SAH; outcomes; perimesencephalic SAH
• ISSN: 0976-3147; 0976-3155; 0976-3147
• DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1714313

Abstract Objective  Despite the technological advancement in imaging, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) remains gold standard imaging modality for spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). But even after DSA, around 15% of SAH remains elusive for the cause of the bleed. This is an institutional review to solve the mystery, “when is second DSA really indicated?” Methods  In a retrospective review from January 2015 to December 2017, we evaluated cases of spontaneous SAH with initial negative DSA with repeat DSA after 6 weeks to rule out vascular abnormality. The spontaneous SAH was confirmed on noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) and divided into two groups of perimesencephalic SAH (PM-SAH) or nonperimesencephalic SAH (nPM-SAH). The outcome was assessed by a modified Rankin’s score (mRS) at 6 months postictus. Results  During the study period, we had 119 cases of initial negative DSA and 98 cases (82.3%) underwent repeat DSA after 6 weeks interval. A total of 53 cases (54.1%) had PM-SAH and 45 cases (45.9%) had nPM-SAH. Repeat DSA after 6 weeks showed no vascular abnormality in 53 cases of PM-SAH and in 2 (4.4%) out of 45 cases of nPM-SAH. At 6 months postictus, all cases of PM-SAH and 93% of nPM-SAH had mRS of 0. Conclusion  We recommend, a repeat DSA is definitely not required in PM-SAH, but it should be done for all cases of nPM-SAH, before labeling them as nonaneurysmal SAH. Although the overall outcome for nonaneurysmal spontaneous SAH is better than aneurysmal SAH, nPM-SAH has poorer eventual outcome compared to PM-SAH.