Switchable‐hydrophilicity solvent‐based microextraction combined with gas chromatography for the determination of nitroaromatic compounds in water samples

• Published in: Journal of separation science Vol. 40; no. 15; pp. 3114 - 3119
• Main Authors: Rameshgar, Jamileh, Hasheminasab, Kobra Sadat, Adlnasab, Laleh, Ahmar, Hamid
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.08.2017
• Subjects: Carbon dioxide; carbon dioxide assisted liquid‐phase microextraction; Chromatography; dipropylamine; Extraction; Extraction processes; Gas chromatography; Hydrophilicity; nitroaromatic compounds; Solvents; switchable‐hydrophilicity solvents; switchable-hydrophilicity solvents; nitroaromatic compounds; dipropylamine; gas chromatography; carbon dioxide assisted liquid-phase microextraction
• ISSN: 1615-9306; 1615-9314
• DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700141

A simple, fast, sensitive, and low‐cost method was developed for the quantification of nitroaromatic compounds in water samples based on CO2‐assisted liquid‐phase microextraction using a switchable‐hydrophilicity solvent followed by gas chromatography detection. Dipropylamine was used as extraction solvent with switchable hydrophilicity that can be miscible or immiscible upon the addition or removal of CO2 as a reagent. Experimental parameters affecting the extraction efficiency such as the volume of acceptor phase, the volume of donor phase, pH of donor phase, ionic strength, and extraction time were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, detection limits and preconcentration factors were obtained in the ranges of 0.9–1.8 μg/L and 132–138, respectively. Also, the extraction recoveries of water samples were above 88%. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to the determination of nitroaromatic compounds in real water samples.