Fourier-Transform Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy and Laser Ablation -ICPMS New Vistas for Biochemical Analyses of Ischemic Stroke in Rat Brain

• Published in: Frontiers in neuroscience Vol. 12; p. 647
• Main Authors: Ali, Mohamed H M, Rakib, Fazle, Abdelalim, Essam M, Limbeck, Andreas, Mall, Raghvendra, Ullah, Ehsan, Mesaeli, Nasrin, McNaughton, Donald, Ahmed, Tariq, Al-Saad, Khalid
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Research Foundation 19.09.2018; Frontiers Media S.A
• Subjects: Antioxidants; Biomedical research; brain; Brain research; Corpus callosum; Cortex (somatosensory); Disease; Edema; Fourier transforms; FTIR imaging spectroscopy; Histology; Immunohistochemistry; Ischemia; ischemic; LA-ICPMS; Laser ablation; Lasers; Lipid peroxidation; Lipids; Mass spectrometry; Morphology; Neurodegenerative diseases; Neuroimaging; Neuroscience; Neurotoxicity; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Oxidative stress; photothrombotic; Protein denaturation; Research centers; Scientific imaging; Stroke; stroke model; Substantia grisea; Trace elements; Qatar; ischemic; stroke model; LA-ICPMS; neurodegeneration; brain; lipid peroxidation; FTIR imaging spectroscopy; photothrombotic
• ISSN: 1662-4548; 1662-453X; 1662-453X
• DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00647

Stroke is the main cause of adult disability in the world, leaving more than half of the patients dependent on daily assistance. Understanding the post-stroke biochemical and molecular changes are critical for patient survival and stroke management. The aim of this work was to investigate the photo-thrombotic ischemic stroke in male rats with particular focus on biochemical and elemental changes in the primary stroke lesion in the somatosensory cortex and surrounding areas, including the corpus callosum. FT-IR imaging spectroscopy and LA-ICPMS techniques examined stroke brain samples, which were compared with standard immunohistochemistry studies. The FTIR results revealed that in the lesioned gray matter the relative distribution of lipid, lipid acyl and protein contents decreased significantly. Also at this locus, there was a significant increase in aggregated protein as detected by high-levels Aβ . Areas close to the stroke focus experienced decrease in the lipid and lipid acyl contents associated with an increase in lipid ester, olefin, and methyl bio-contents with a novel finding of Aβ in the PL-GM and L-WM. Elemental analyses realized major changes in the different brain structures that may underscore functionality. In conclusion, FTIR bio-spectroscopy is a non-destructive, rapid, and a refined technique to characterize oxidative stress markers associated with lipid degradation and protein denaturation not characterized by routine approaches. This technique may expedite research into stroke and offer new approaches for neurodegenerative disorders. The results suggest that a good therapeutic strategy should include a mechanism that provides protective effect from brain swelling (edema) and neurotoxicity by scavenging the lipid peroxidation end products.