COVID-19 and Respiratory System Disorders: Current Knowledge, Future Clinical and Translational Research Questions

• Published in: Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology Vol. 40; no. 11; pp. 2586 - 2597
• Main Authors: Brosnahan, Shari B, Jonkman, Annemijn H, Kugler, Matthias C, Munger, John S, Kaufman, David A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Heart Association, Inc 01.11.2020; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
• Subjects: Animals; Betacoronavirus - pathogenicity; Brief Reviews; Coronavirus Infections - diagnosis; Coronavirus Infections - physiopathology; Coronavirus Infections - therapy; Coronavirus Infections - virology; COVID-19; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Lung - physiopathology; Lung - virology; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral - diagnosis; Pneumonia, Viral - physiopathology; Pneumonia, Viral - therapy; Pneumonia, Viral - virology; Prognosis; Pulmonary Embolism - physiopathology; Pulmonary Embolism - therapy; Pulmonary Embolism - virology; Respiration; Respiration, Artificial; Respiratory Distress Syndrome - diagnosis; Respiratory Distress Syndrome - physiopathology; Respiratory Distress Syndrome - therapy; Respiratory Distress Syndrome - virology; Respiratory Insufficiency - diagnosis; Respiratory Insufficiency - physiopathology; Respiratory Insufficiency - therapy; Respiratory Insufficiency - virology; Risk Factors; SARS-CoV-2; Translational Medical Research; Venous Thromboembolism - physiopathology; Venous Thromboembolism - therapy; Venous Thromboembolism - virology; COVID-19; respiratory system; acute respiratory distress syndrome; diaphragm; infection; thromboembolism
• ISSN: 1079-5642; 1524-4636
• DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.120.314515

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 emerged as a serious human pathogen in late 2019, causing the disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The most common clinical presentation of severe COVID-19 is acute respiratory failure consistent with the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Airway, lung parenchymal, pulmonary vascular, and respiratory neuromuscular disorders all feature in COVID-19. This article reviews what is known about the effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection on different parts of the respiratory system, clues to understanding the underlying biology of respiratory disease, and highlights current and future translation and clinical research questions. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT:A graphic abstract is available for this article.