Systemins: a functionally defined family of peptide signals that regulate defensive genes in Solanaceae species

Numerous plant species have been known for decades that respond to herbivore attacks by systemically synthesizing defensive chemicals to protect themselves from predators. The nature of systemic wound signals remained obscure until 1991, when an 18-aa peptide called systemin was isolated from tomato...

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Published inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 100; no. Suppl 2; pp. 14577 - 14580
Main Authors Ryan, C.A, Pearce, G
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States National Academy of Sciences 25.11.2003
National Acad Sciences
SeriesColloquium Paper
Subjects
Amino Acid Sequence
amino acid sequences
Amino acids
Animals
Cell surface receptors
Colloquium Papers
Cultured cells
defense mechanisms
Defensins
Gene expression regulation
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - genetics
Genes
Genetics
insect pests
Leaves
mechanical damage
Molecular Sequence Data
Nicotiana tabacum
Peptides
Peptides - physiology
pest resistance
Plant cells
Plant ecology
Plant Proteins - chemistry
Plant Proteins - genetics
Plant Proteins - physiology
Plants
polypeptides
Predation
Protein precursors
Receptors
Sequence Alignment
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Signal Transduction - physiology
Solanaceae - genetics
Solanaceae - parasitology
Solanaceae - physiology
Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum
tobacco
tomatoes
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Summary:Numerous plant species have been known for decades that respond to herbivore attacks by systemically synthesizing defensive chemicals to protect themselves from predators. The nature of systemic wound signals remained obscure until 1991, when an 18-aa peptide called systemin was isolated from tomato leaves and shown to be a primary signal for systemic defense. More recently, two new hydroxyproline-rich, glycosylated peptide defense signals have been isolated from tobacco leaves, and three from tomato leaves. Because of their origins in plants, small sizes, hydroxyproline contents (tomato systemin is proline-rich), and defense-signaling activities, the new peptides are included in a functionally defined family of signals collectively called systemins. Here, we review structural and biological properties of the systemin family, and discuss their possible roles in systemic wound signaling.
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Abbreviations: MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; TobHypSys, tobacco hydroxyproline-rich systemin; TomHypSys, tomato hydroxyproline-rich systemin.
This paper results from the Arthur M. Sackler Colloquium of the National Academy of Sciences, “Chemical Communication in a Post-Genomic World,” held January 17–19, 2003, at the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center of the National Academies of Science and Engineering in Irvine, CA.
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: cabudryan@hotmail.com.
ISSN:0027-8424
1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.1934788100