Degradation of Triazine-2-14C Metsulfuron–Methyl in Soil from an Oil Palm Plantation

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 10; no. 10; p. e0138170
• Main Authors: Ismail, B S, Eng, O K, Tayeb, M A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: San Francisco Public Library of Science 05.10.2015
• Subjects: Biodegradation; Carbon 14; Carbon dioxide; Degradation; Demethylation; Environmental degradation; Herbicides; High performance liquid chromatography; Laboratories; Life assessment; Liquid chromatography; Metabolites; Pesticides; Plantations; Radioactivity; Radiochemical analysis; Scintillation; Scintillation counters; Soil conditions; Soil contamination; Soil degradation; Soil investigations; Soil microorganisms; Soils; Studies; Sulfonylurea; Triazine; Selangor Malaysia; Malaysia
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138170

Triazine-2-14C metsulfuron–methyl is a selective, systemic sulfonylurea herbicide. Degradation studies in soils are essential for the evaluation of the persistence of pesticides and their breakdown products. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the degradation of triazine-2-14C metsulfuron–methyl in soil under laboratory conditions. A High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) equipped with an UV detector and an on-line radio-chemical detector, plus a Supelco Discovery column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm), and PRP–1 column (305 x 7.0 mm, 10 μm) was used for the HPLC analysis. The radioactivity was determined by a Liquid Scintillation Counter (LSC) in scintillation fluid. The soil used was both sterilized and non-sterilized in order to observe the involvement of soil microbes. The estimated DT50 and DT90 values of metsulfuron-methyl in a non-sterile system were observed to be 13 and 44 days, whereas in sterilized soil, the DT50 and DT90 were 31 and 70 days, respectively. The principal degradation product after 60 days was CO2. The higher cumulative amount of 14CO2 in 14C- triazine in the non-sterilized soil compared to that in the sterile system suggests that biological degradation by soil micro-organisms significantly contributes to the dissipation of the compound. The major routes of degradation were O-demethylation, sulfonylurea bridge cleavage and the triazine “ring-opened.”