Reduce, reuse, recycle – Developmental signals in spinal cord regeneration

Anamniotes, fishes and amphibians, have the capacity to regenerate spinal cord tissue after injury, generating new neurons that mature and integrate into the spinal circuitry. Elucidating the molecular signals that promote this regeneration is a fundamental question in regeneration research. Model s...

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Published inDevelopmental biology Vol. 432; no. 1; pp. 53 - 62
Main Authors Cardozo, Marcos Julian, Mysiak, Karolina S., Becker, Thomas, Becker, Catherina G.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Inc 01.12.2017
Subjects
Animals
Cell Differentiation - physiology
CNS
Development
Humans
Neural Stem Cells - physiology
Neural tube
Neurons - physiology
Regeneration
Signalling pathways
Spinal Cord Injuries - physiopathology
Spinal cord injury
Spinal Cord Regeneration - physiology
Development
Signalling pathways
Regeneration
CNS
Neural tube
Spinal cord injury
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Summary:Anamniotes, fishes and amphibians, have the capacity to regenerate spinal cord tissue after injury, generating new neurons that mature and integrate into the spinal circuitry. Elucidating the molecular signals that promote this regeneration is a fundamental question in regeneration research. Model systems, such as salamanders and larval and adult zebrafish are used to analyse successful regeneration. This shows that many developmental signals, such as Notch, Hedgehog (Hh), Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP), Wnt, Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), Retinoic Acid (RA) and neurotransmitters are redeployed during regeneration and activate resident spinal progenitor cells. Here we compare the roles of these signals in spinal cord development and regeneration of the much larger and fully patterned adult spinal cord. Understanding how developmental signalling systems are reactivated in successfully regenerating species may ultimately lead to ways to reactivate similar systems in mammalian progenitor cells, which do not show neurogenesis after spinal injury. •Regenerating species upregulate developmental signalling systems during repair.•Spinal progenitor cells integrate a multitude of signals to specific output pathways.•Developmental signals direct regeneration of the fully patterned adult spinal cord.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
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ISSN:0012-1606
1095-564X
DOI:10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.05.011