Estimation of skeletal kinematics in freely moving rodents

• Published in: Nature methods Vol. 19; no. 11; pp. 1500 - 1509
• Main Authors: Monsees, Arne, Voit, Kay-Michael, Wallace, Damian J., Sawinski, Juergen, Charyasz, Edyta, Scheffler, Klaus, Macke, Jakob H., Kerr, Jason N. D.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Nature Publishing Group US 01.11.2022; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 631/1647/334/1874/345; 631/1647/334/1874/486; 631/378/116; 631/378/2632; 631/553/794; Animals; Bioinformatics; Biological Microscopy; Biological Techniques; Biomechanical Phenomena; Biomechanics; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedical Engineering/Biotechnology; Decision making; Gait; Inertial platforms; Joints (anatomy); Kinematics; Life Sciences; Mice; Pose estimation; Proteomics; Range of Motion, Articular; Rats; Rodentia; Rodents; Skeleton; Videography
• ISSN: 1548-7091; 1548-7105; 1548-7105
• DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01634-9

Forming a complete picture of the relationship between neural activity and skeletal kinematics requires quantification of skeletal joint biomechanics during free behavior; however, without detailed knowledge of the underlying skeletal motion, inferring limb kinematics using surface-tracking approaches is difficult, especially for animals where the relationship between the surface and underlying skeleton changes during motion. Here we developed a videography-based method enabling detailed three-dimensional kinematic quantification of an anatomically defined skeleton in untethered freely behaving rats and mice. This skeleton-based model was constrained using anatomical principles and joint motion limits and provided skeletal pose estimates for a range of body sizes, even when limbs were occluded. Model-inferred limb positions and joint kinematics during gait and gap-crossing behaviors were verified by direct measurement of either limb placement or limb kinematics using inertial measurement units. Together we show that complex decision-making behaviors can be accurately reconstructed at the level of skeletal kinematics using our anatomically constrained model. Pose estimation in combination with an anatomically constrained model allows inferring skeletal kinematics in rodents.