Protection against feline leukemia virus infection by use of an inactivated virus vaccine

• Published in: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association Vol. 199; no. 10; p. 1392
• Main Authors: Hoover, E.A. (Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO), Perigo, N.A, Quackenbush, S.L, Mathiason-DuBard, C.K, Overbaugh, J.M, Kloetzer, W.S, Elder, J.H, Mullins, J.I
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 15.11.1991
• Subjects: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Antibodies, Viral - biosynthesis; CATS; CHAT; CONTROL DE ENFERMEDADES; CONTROLE DE MALADIES; DISEASE CONTROL; env peptide prototypes; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - prevention & control; FELINE ONCOVIRUS; GATO; Gene Products, env - immunology; INACTIVATED VACCINES; LEUCEMIA; LEUCEMIE; LEUKAEMIA; Leukemia Virus, Feline - immunology; Leukemia, Feline - prevention & control; LIVE VACCINES; RETROVIRIDAE; Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic - immunology; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; VACCIN; VACCIN VIVANT; Vaccination - veterinary; VACCINES; Vaccines, Inactivated - immunology; VACUNA; VACUNA VIVA; Viral Vaccines - immunology
• ISSN: 0003-1488; 1943-569X
• DOI: 10.2460/javma.1991.199.10.1392

The protective immunity induced by 3 experimental FeLV vaccines were evaluated: Prototype inactivated FeLV vaccine developed from a molecularly cloned FeLV isolate (FeLV-FAIDS-61E-A); a mixture of immunodominant synthetic peptides corresponding to regions of the FeLV-Gardner-Arnstein-B (FeLV-GA-B) envelope proteins; and an adjuvant-disrupted but non-activated virus prepared from a non-cloned FeLV field isolate comprised of subgroup A and B viruses (FeLV-05821-AB). Included as controls were parallel groups of cats inoculated with adjuvants alone or with an established commercial FeLV vaccine. After each inoculation and after virulent virus challenge exposure, sera from all cats were assayed for ELISA-reactive antibody against purified FeLV, FeLV neutralizing (VN) antibody, and FeLV antigenemia/viremia--viral p27 antigen in serum and within circulating leukocytes. Immunity was challenged by oral/nasal exposure of vaccinated and control cats with FeLV-FAIDS-61E-A or FeLV-05821-AB, an infective, noncloned, tissue-origin, FeLV field isolate containing subgroup-A and -B viruses. Vaccine-induced immunity was assessed by comparing the postchallenge-exposure incidence of persistent viremia and the pre- and postchallenge exposure titers of VN and ELISA antibody in cats of the control and vaccine groups. The percentage of cats, that resisted development of persistent viremia after FeLV challenge exposure and the preventable fraction (PF) for the vaccine groups (which adjusts for the severity of the challenge and the degree of innate resistance in the controls) were as follows: adjuvant controls, 26%; FeLV-FAIDS-61E-A inactivated virus vaccine, 95% (PF = 93.2%); FeLV-GA-B peptide vaccine, 5% (-28.4%); FeLV-05821-AB noninactivated vaccine, 67% (55.4%); and commercial FeLV vaccine, 35% (12.2%). The prechallenge exposure mean VN antibody titer for each group was: less than 1:8 in the adjuvant controls; 1:43 in the FeLV-FAIDS-61E-A-vaccinated cats; less than 1:8 in the peptide-vaccinated cats; 1:38 in the noninactivated virus-vaccinated cats group; and 1:12 in the cats vaccinated with the commercial vaccine. Thus, induction of VN antibody in the vaccinated cats, although modest, appeared to be correlated with induction of protective immunity as defined by resistance to FeLV challenge exposure. Results of these studies indicate that inoculation of cats with an experimental inactivated virus vaccine prepared from a molecularly cloned FeLV isolate was most effective in stimulating protective immunity against heterologous and homologous FeLV challenge exposure.