Evaluation of the disinfectant concentration used on livestock facilities in Korea during dual outbreak of foot and mouth disease and high pathogenic avian influenza

• Published in: Journal of veterinary science (Suwŏn-si, Korea) Vol. 21; no. 3; p. e34
• Main Authors: Kim, Seongjoon, Chung, Hansung, Lee, Hyesook, Myung, Donghoon, Choi, Kwanghoon, Kim, Sukwon, Htet, Swe Lynn, Jeong, Wooseog, Choe, Nonghoon
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 01.05.2020; 대한수의학회
• Subjects: Original; 수의학
• ISSN: 1229-845X; 1976-555X
• DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e34

BACKGROUNDA nationwide outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in South Korea caused massive economic losses in 2010. Since then, the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA) has enhanced disinfection systems regarding livestock to prevent horizontal transmission of FMD and Avian influenza (AI). Although the amount of disinfectant used continues to increase, cases of FMD and AI have been occurring annually in Korea, except 2012 and 2013. OBJECTIVESThis study measured the concentration of the disinfectant to determine why it failed to remove the horizontal transmission despite increased disinfectant use. METHODSSurveys were conducted from February to May 2017, collecting 348 samples from disinfection systems. The samples were analyzed using the Standards of Animal Health Products analysis methods from QIA. RESULTSTwenty-three facilities used inappropriate or non-approved disinfectants. Nearly all sampled livestock farms and facilities-93.9%-did not properly adjust the disinfectant concentration. The percentage using low concentrations, or where no effective substance was detected, was 46.9%. Furthermore, 13 samples from the official disinfection station did not use effective disinfectant, and-among 72 samples from the disinfection station-88.89% were considered inappropriate concentration, according to the foot-and-mouth disease virus guidelines; considering the AIV guideline, 73.61% were inappropriate concentrations. Inappropriate concentration samples on automatic (90.00%) and semi-automatic (90.90%) disinfection systems showed no significant difference from manual methods (88.24%). Despite this study being conducted during the crisis level, most disinfectants were used inappropriately. CONCLUSIONSThis may partially explain why horizontal transmission of FMD and AI cannot be effectively prevented despite extensive disinfectant use.