Physics and chemistry on the surface of cosmic dust grains: a laboratory view

• Published in: International reviews in physical chemistry Vol. 40; no. 2; pp. 299 - 364
• Main Authors: Potapov, Alexey, McCoustra, Martin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Abingdon Taylor & Francis 03.04.2021; Taylor & Francis Ltd
• Subjects: Accretion disks; Celestial bodies; Chemical reactions; Comets; Cosmic dust; Interstellar matter; Optical properties; Planet formation; Planetary atmospheres; Protostars; Star formation; Stellar radiation; Thermodynamic properties
• ISSN: 0144-235X; 1366-591X
• DOI: 10.1080/0144235X.2021.1918498

Dust grains play a central role in the physics and chemistry of cosmic environments. They influence the optical and thermal properties of the medium due to their interaction with stellar radiation; provide surfaces for the chemical reactions that are responsible for the synthesis of a significant fraction of key astronomical molecules; and they are building blocks of pebbles, comets, asteroids, planetesimals, and planets. In this paper, we review experimental studies of physical and chemical processes, such as adsorption, desorption, diffusion and reactions forming molecules, on the surface of reliable cosmic dust grain analogues as related to processes in diffuse, translucent, and dense interstellar clouds, protostellar envelopes, planet-forming disks, and planetary atmospheres. The information that such experiments reveal should be flexible enough to be used in many different environments. In addition, we provide a forward look discussing new ideas, experimental approaches, and research directions.