Influenza vaccination during pregnancy and risk of selected major structural congenital heart defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study 2006–2011
Background Although results from studies of first‐trimester influenza vaccination and congenital heart defects (CHDs) have been reassuring, data are limited for specific CHDs. Methods We assessed associations between reported maternal influenza vaccination, 1 month before pregnancy (B1) through end...
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Published in | Birth defects research Vol. 115; no. 1; pp. 88 - 95 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Hoboken, USA
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
01.01.2023
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Background
Although results from studies of first‐trimester influenza vaccination and congenital heart defects (CHDs) have been reassuring, data are limited for specific CHDs.
Methods
We assessed associations between reported maternal influenza vaccination, 1 month before pregnancy (B1) through end of third pregnancy month (P3), and specific CHDs using data from a multisite, population‐based case–control study. Analysis included 2,982 case children diagnosed with a simple CHD (no other cardiac involvement with or without extracardiac defects) and 4,937 control children without a birth defect with estimated delivery dates during 2006–2011. For defects with ≥5 exposed case children, we used logistic regression to estimate propensity score‐adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for estimated delivery year and season; plurality; and maternal age at delivery, race/ethnicity, low folate intake, and smoking and alcohol use during B1P3.
Results
Overall, 124 (4.2%) simple CHD case mothers and 197 (4.0%) control mothers reported influenza vaccination from 1 month before through the third pregnancy month. The aOR for any simple CHD was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.76–1.23). Adjusted ORs for specific simple CHDs ranged from 0.62 for hypoplastic left heart syndrome to 2.34 for total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR). All adjusted CIs included the null except for TAPVR.
Conclusions
Although we cannot fully exclude that exposure misclassification may have masked risks for some CHDs, findings add to existing evidence supporting the safety of inactivated influenza vaccination during pregnancy. The TAPVR result may be due to chance, but it may help inform future studies. |
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Bibliography: | Funding information Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Grant/Award Numbers: PA 96043, PA 02081, FOA DD09‐001, FOA DD13‐003, NOFO DD18‐001; Iowa Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Grant/Award Number: U01DD001223 |
ISSN: | 2472-1727 2472-1727 |
DOI: | 10.1002/bdr2.2114 |