Pectolytic and cellulolytic activity of Botrytis cinerea Pers. related to infection of non-ripening tomato mutants
Enzymes of Botrytis cinerea were detected in vitro using various carbon sources. Pectin-pectate as a sole carbon source induced both polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin lyase (PL) activity, whereas carboxymethylcellulose served as an inducer for cellulase (C(x)) activity. PG activity appeared earlier...
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| Published in | Journal of phytopathology Vol. 123; no. 2; pp. 174 - 183 |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford, UK
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.10.1988
Blackwell |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Enzymes of Botrytis cinerea were detected in vitro using various carbon sources. Pectin-pectate as a sole carbon source induced both polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin lyase (PL) activity, whereas carboxymethylcellulose served as an inducer for cellulase (C(x)) activity. PG activity appeared earlier than C(x) activity when induced by their respective sources. Both PG and PL activities were detected earlier and their level was higher on cell walls of the normal tomato fruit than of the nor mutant, and in each case activity was higher on cell walls of the mature fruits than of the mature-green ones. Whereas relatively high rates of PG and PL activity were recorded on autoclaved tomato homogenate (TH) of both the normal and the nor fruits, only trace levels of PG activity were recorded on unautoclaved media, except for those prepared from ripe normal fruits, and no PL activity was detected on either of the unsterilized media. Botrytis-infection resulted in PG activity in the enzyme-less rin and nor mutant fruits at both stages of maturity and in the normal and hybrid fruits at their mature-green stage. In the ripe normal and hybrid fruits, infection increased the level of PG activity recorded prior to inoculation. An association was drawn between the low PG activity recorded in the nor mutants and its hybrid at initial stages of invasion and their resistance to infection. Following infection an increase in the level of C(x) activity over that recorded in healthy fruits was found in all the tomato genotypes, whereas no PL was recorded in either healthy or infected fruits |
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| AbstractList | Enzymes of Botrytis cinerea were detected in vitro using various carbon sources. Pectin-pectate as a sole carbon source induced both polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin lyase (PL) activity, whereas carboxymethylcellulose served as an inducer for cellulase (C(x)) activity. PG activity appeared earlier than C(x) activity when induced by their respective sources. Both PG and PL activities were detected earlier and their level was higher on cell walls of the normal tomato fruit than of the nor mutant, and in each case activity was higher on cell walls of the mature fruits than of the mature-green ones. Whereas relatively high rates of PG and PL activity were recorded on autoclaved tomato homogenate (TH) of both the normal and the nor fruits, only trace levels of PG activity were recorded on unautoclaved media, except for those prepared from ripe normal fruits, and no PL activity was detected on either of the unsterilized media. Botrytis-infection resulted in PG activity in the enzyme-less rin and nor mutant fruits at both stages of maturity and in the normal and hybrid fruits at their mature-green stage. In the ripe normal and hybrid fruits, infection increased the level of PG activity recorded prior to inoculation. An association was drawn between the low PG activity recorded in the nor mutants and its hybrid at initial stages of invasion and their resistance to infection. Following infection an increase in the level of C(x) activity over that recorded in healthy fruits was found in all the tomato genotypes, whereas no PL was recorded in either healthy or infected fruits Enzymes of Botrytis cinerea were detected in vitro using various carbon sources. Pectin‐pectate as a sole carbon source induced both polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin lyase (PL) activity, whereas carboxymethylcellulose served as an inducer for cellulase (Cx) activity. PG activity appeared earlier than Cx activity when induced by their respective sources. Both PG and PL activities were detected earlier and their level was higher on cell walls of the normal tomato fruit, than of the nor mutant, and in each case activity was higher on cell walls of the mature fruits than of the mature‐green ones. Whereas relatively high rates of PG and PL activity were recorded on autoclaved tomato homogenate (TH) of both the normal and the nor fruits, only trace levels of PG activity were recorded on unautoclaved media, except for those prepared from ripe normal fruits, and no PL activity was detected on either of the unsterilized media. Botrytis‐infection resulted in PG activity in the enzyme‐less rin and nor mutant fruits at both stages of maturity and in the normal and hybrid fruits at their mature‐green stage. In the ripe normal and hybrid fruits, infection increased the level of PG activity recorded prior to inoculation. An association was drawn between the low PG activity recorded in the nor mutant and its hybrid at initial stages of invasion and their resistance to infection. Following infection an increase in the level of Cx activity over that recorded in healthy fruits was found in all the tomato genotypes, whereas no PL was recorded in either healthy or infected fruits. Zusammenfassung Pektolytische und zellulolytische Aktivität in Botrytis cinerea Pers in Zusammenhang mit einer Infektion von nichtreifenden Tomatenmutanten Mit Hiife von verschiedenen C‐Qudlen wurden Botrytis cinerea‐Enzyme: in vitro ermittelt. Polygalacturonase‐(PG) und Pectiniyase‐(PL) Aktivität wurde durch Pectinpectat als einzige C‐Quelle induziert, Carboxymethylzellulose dagegen induzierte Zellulase (Cx)‐Aktivität. Nach der Induktion mit den jeweiligen C‐Quellen konnte die PG‐Aktivität vor der Cx‐Aktivität festgestellt werden. PG‐ und PL‐Aktivitäten wurden früher ermittelt und ihr Niveau war an Zellwänden von normalen Tomatenfrüchten höher als an denen von nor‐Mutanten. Bei beiden Enzymen wurde eine höhere Aktivität an den Zellwänden von reifen als von reif‐grünen Früchten beobachtet. Obwohl verhältnismäßig hohe PG‐ und PL‐Aktivitäten in autoklavierten Tomatenhotnogenaten (TH) von normalen und nor‐Früchten ermittelt wurden, konnte in nicht‐autoklavierten Medien nur eine geringe PG‐Aktivität von nor‐Früchten festgestellt werden. PL‐Aktivität konnte in nicht‐autoklavierten TH von beiden Medientypen nicht nachgewiesen werden. Eine Botrytis‐Infektion beider Reifestufen in enzymlosen rin‐ und nor‐Mutantfrüchten und in normalen und Hybridfrüchten in der reif‐grünen Stufe rief PG‐Aktivität hervor. Bei reifen normalen und Hybridfrüchten erhöhte eine Botrytis‐Infektion die PG‐Aktivitat. Zwischen der niedrigen PG‐Aktivität in der nor‐Mutante und deren Hybrid zum Infektionsbeginn und ihrer Resistenz gegen eine Infektion wurde ein Zusammenhang festgestellt. Nach einer infektion wurde erhöhte Cx‐Aktivität, verglichen mit gesunden Früchten, bei alien Tomatengenotypen beobachtet, dagegen konnte weder in gesunden noch in befallenen Früchten eine PL‐Aktivität ermittelt werden. Abstract Enzymes of Botrytis cinerea were detected in vitro using various carbon sources. Pectin‐pectate as a sole carbon source induced both polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin lyase (PL) activity, whereas carboxymethylcellulose served as an inducer for cellulase (C x ) activity. PG activity appeared earlier than C x activity when induced by their respective sources. Both PG and PL activities were detected earlier and their level was higher on cell walls of the normal tomato fruit, than of the nor mutant, and in each case activity was higher on cell walls of the mature fruits than of the mature‐green ones. Whereas relatively high rates of PG and PL activity were recorded on autoclaved tomato homogenate (TH) of both the normal and the nor fruits, only trace levels of PG activity were recorded on unautoclaved media, except for those prepared from ripe normal fruits, and no PL activity was detected on either of the unsterilized media. Botrytis ‐infection resulted in PG activity in the enzyme‐less rin and nor mutant fruits at both stages of maturity and in the normal and hybrid fruits at their mature‐green stage. In the ripe normal and hybrid fruits, infection increased the level of PG activity recorded prior to inoculation. An association was drawn between the low PG activity recorded in the nor mutant and its hybrid at initial stages of invasion and their resistance to infection. Following infection an increase in the level of C x activity over that recorded in healthy fruits was found in all the tomato genotypes, whereas no PL was recorded in either healthy or infected fruits. Zusammenfassung Pektolytische und zellulolytische Aktivität in Botrytis cinerea Pers in Zusammenhang mit einer Infektion von nichtreifenden Tomatenmutanten Mit Hiife von verschiedenen C‐Qudlen wurden Botrytis cinerea ‐Enzyme: in vitro ermittelt. Polygalacturonase‐(PG) und Pectiniyase‐(PL) Aktivität wurde durch Pectinpectat als einzige C‐Quelle induziert, Carboxymethylzellulose dagegen induzierte Zellulase (C x )‐Aktivität. Nach der Induktion mit den jeweiligen C‐Quellen konnte die PG‐Aktivität vor der C x ‐Aktivität festgestellt werden. PG‐ und PL‐Aktivitäten wurden früher ermittelt und ihr Niveau war an Zellwänden von normalen Tomatenfrüchten höher als an denen von nor ‐Mutanten. Bei beiden Enzymen wurde eine höhere Aktivität an den Zellwänden von reifen als von reif‐grünen Früchten beobachtet. Obwohl verhältnismäßig hohe PG‐ und PL‐Aktivitäten in autoklavierten Tomatenhotnogenaten (TH) von normalen und nor ‐Früchten ermittelt wurden, konnte in nicht‐autoklavierten Medien nur eine geringe PG‐Aktivität von nor ‐Früchten festgestellt werden. PL‐Aktivität konnte in nicht‐autoklavierten TH von beiden Medientypen nicht nachgewiesen werden. Eine Botrytis ‐Infektion beider Reifestufen in enzymlosen rin ‐ und nor ‐Mutantfrüchten und in normalen und Hybridfrüchten in der reif‐grünen Stufe rief PG‐Aktivität hervor. Bei reifen normalen und Hybridfrüchten erhöhte eine Botrytis ‐Infektion die PG‐Aktivitat. Zwischen der niedrigen PG‐Aktivität in der nor ‐Mutante und deren Hybrid zum Infektionsbeginn und ihrer Resistenz gegen eine Infektion wurde ein Zusammenhang festgestellt. Nach einer infektion wurde erhöhte C x ‐Aktivität, verglichen mit gesunden Früchten, bei alien Tomatengenotypen beobachtet, dagegen konnte weder in gesunden noch in befallenen Früchten eine PL‐Aktivität ermittelt werden. |
| Author | Kopeliovitch, E Barkai-Golan, R. (Volcani Center, Bet Dagan (Israel). Agricultural Research Organization) Lavy-Meir, G |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1094/Phyto-76-42 10.1071/PP9780449 10.1111/j.1439-0434.1981.tb03293.x 10.1094/Phyto-63-840 10.21273/HORTSCI.10.6.624 10.1139/m75-196 10.21273/JASHS.102.4.504 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1981.tb00761.x 10.1016/S0048-4059(81)80045-8 10.1111/j.1439-0434.1978.tb03598.x 10.1007/BF01976552 10.1111/j.1439-0434.1983.tb00049.x 10.1007/BF00437336 10.1007/BF02050164 |
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| Keywords | Fungi Resistance Vegetable crop Enzyme Phytopathogen Mutation Thallophyta |
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| Snippet | Enzymes of Botrytis cinerea were detected in vitro using various carbon sources. Pectin-pectate as a sole carbon source induced both polygalacturonase (PG) and... Enzymes of Botrytis cinerea were detected in vitro using various carbon sources. Pectin‐pectate as a sole carbon source induced both polygalacturonase (PG) and... Abstract Enzymes of Botrytis cinerea were detected in vitro using various carbon sources. Pectin‐pectate as a sole carbon source induced both polygalacturonase... |
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| SubjectTerms | ACTIVIDAD ENZIMATICA ACTIVITE ENZYMATIQUE Aktivitaet Biological and medical sciences BOTRYTIS Botrytis cinerea Entwicklung ENZIMAS Enzym ENZYME FRUIT FRUTO Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Fungal plant pathogens Fungi Israel LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM Pathology, epidemiology, host-fungus relationships. Damages, economic importance Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection |
| Title | Pectolytic and cellulolytic activity of Botrytis cinerea Pers. related to infection of non-ripening tomato mutants |
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