Energy efficient thermal comfort in open-plan office buildings

• Published in: Energy and buildings Vol. 139; pp. 476 - 486
• Main Authors: Nagarathinam, Srinarayana, Doddi, Harish, Vasan, Arunchandar, Sarangan, Venkatesh, Venkata Ramakrishna, P., Sivasubramaniam, Anand
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Lausanne Elsevier B.V 15.03.2017; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: Air temperature; Dynamic temperature set-point; Energy consumption; Energy efficiency; HVAC; HVAC energy; Mean radiant temperature; Model predictive control; Office buildings; Open-plan office; Predictive control; Spatial data; Spatial variations; Temperature effects; Thermal comfort; Model predictive control; Open-plan office; Thermal comfort; Mean radiant temperature; HVAC energy; Dynamic temperature set-point
• ISSN: 0378-7788; 1872-6178
• DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.01.043

•Thermal comfort and HVAC energy in open-plan space with multiple AHUs is investigated.•A model predictive control strategy is evaluated on real-world occupancy patterns.•The proposed control, DSP, is shown to be better than the conventional PID controller.•Good HVAC energy savings are achieved by accounting for spatial variations in MRT.•Higher energy savings when spatial occupancy information is also used for control. The effect of spatial variations in mean radiant temperature and occupancy on HVAC energy and occupant thermal comfort is studied in an open-plan office space with multiple AHUs. A predictive control method is proposed that arrives at optimum temperature set-point vector by solving an optimization problem, which minimizes HVAC energy consumption subject to acceptable thermal comfort and adequate outside air intake. The optimum temperature set-point vector is used in a PID controller that modulates the AHU fan speed. The proposed control is evaluated on occupancy traces observed in an open-plan space and compared with static set-points based PID control strategies. Normally PID control operates with a dead-band around the static set-point and the AHU fan speed is adjusted only when return air temperature is outside the dead-band. The proposed control has a dynamic set-point and hence the AHU speeds are adjusted at much finer time steps than the normal control. The occupancy traces are classified into densely and sparsely occupied days. Across all days, the proposed control achieves an average additional savings of 15% over a PID control that assumes uniform spatial occupancy distribution in AHU control and 12% over a PID based strategy that uses actual spatial occupancy information.