Mouth Sounds: A Review of Acoustic Applications and Methodologies

Mouth sounds serve several purposes, from the clinical diagnosis of diseases to emotional recognition. The following review aims to synthesize and discuss the different methods to apply, extract, analyze, and classify the acoustic features of mouth sounds. The most analyzed features were the zero-cr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inApplied sciences Vol. 13; no. 7; p. 4331
Main Authors Naal-Ruiz, Norberto E., Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Erick A., Navas-Reascos, Gustavo, Romo-De Leon, Rebeca, Solorio, Alejandro, Alonso-Valerdi, Luz M., Ibarra-Zarate, David I.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.04.2023
Subjects
Acoustics
Asthma
audio signal processing
classification algorithms
clinical diagnosis
Energy
feature extraction
Larynx
Lungs
Machine learning
Mouth
mouth sounds
Neural networks
Pattern recognition
Reviews
Signal processing
Sound
Speech
Statistical analysis
Statistical tests
Support vector machines
Variance analysis
Vibration
New York
Netherlands
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Summary:Mouth sounds serve several purposes, from the clinical diagnosis of diseases to emotional recognition. The following review aims to synthesize and discuss the different methods to apply, extract, analyze, and classify the acoustic features of mouth sounds. The most analyzed features were the zero-crossing rate, power/energy-based, and amplitude-based features in the time domain; and tonal-based, spectral-based, and cepstral features in the frequency domain. Regarding acoustic feature analysis, t-tests, variations of analysis of variance, and Pearson’s correlation tests were the most-used statistical tests used for feature evaluation, while the support vector machine and gaussian mixture models were the most used machine learning methods for pattern recognition. Neural networks were employed according to data availability. The main applications of mouth sound research were physical and mental condition monitoring. Nonetheless, other applications, such as communication, were included in the review. Finally, the limitations of the studies are discussed, indicating the need for standard procedures for mouth sound acquisition and analysis.
ISSN:2076-3417
2076-3417
DOI:10.3390/app13074331