Novel soybean oils with different fatty acid profiles alter cardiovascular disease risk factors in moderately hyperlipidemic subjects

• Published in: The American journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 84; no. 3; pp. 497 - 504
• Main Authors: Lichtenstein, Alice H, Matthan, Nirupa R, Jalbert, Susan M, Resteghini, Nancy A, Schaefer, Ernst J, Ausman, Lynne M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bethesda, MD American Society for Nutrition 01.09.2006; American Society for Clinical Nutrition; American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc
• Subjects: administration & dosage; analysis; Apolipoproteins; Apolipoproteins - blood; Apolipoproteins - drug effects; Apolipoproteins B; Apolipoproteins B - blood; Apolipoproteins B - drug effects; at-risk population; Biological and medical sciences; biomarkers; blood; blood chemistry; blood lipids; C-reactive protein; Cardiovascular disease; cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - blood; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology; Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control; chemistry; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, HDL - blood; Cholesterol, HDL - drug effects; Cholesterol, LDL; Cholesterol, LDL - blood; Cholesterol, LDL - drug effects; Cross-Over Studies; diet therapy; diet-related diseases; disease prevention; drug effects; epidemiological studies; epidemiology; experimental diets; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids - administration & dosage; Fatty Acids - analysis; Fatty Acids - metabolism; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Female; functional foods; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; genetic improvement; genetically modified foods; genetics; human diseases; Humans; Hydrogenation; hyperlipidemia; Hyperlipidemias; Hyperlipidemias - blood; Hyperlipidemias - diet therapy; Lipids; Lipoprotein(a); Lipoprotein(a) - blood; Lipoprotein(a) - drug effects; lipoproteins; Male; men; metabolism; Middle Aged; Oils & fats; Plants, Genetically Modified; prevention & control; Proteins; quantitative analysis; Risk Factors; risk groups; soybean oil; Soybean Oil - administration & dosage; Soybean Oil - chemistry; Soybean Oil - genetics; Soybeans; trans fatty acids; Trans Fatty Acids - administration & dosage; Trans Fatty Acids - analysis; Trans Fatty Acids - metabolism; Triglycerides; Triglycerides - blood; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; women; Modification; trans fatty acids; C-reactive protein; Lipids; Cardiovascular disease; Vascular disease; Trans fatty acid; Triacylglycerol; Cholesterol HDL; Atherosclerosis; Genetics; selective breeding; Hyperlipemia; Dyslipemia; Soybean oil; C reactive protein; Soybean oils; Human; Metabolic diseases; Cholesterol LDL; Fatty acids; HDL cholesterol; Risk factor; genetic modification; LDL cholesterol; CVD risk factors
• ISSN: 0002-9165; 1938-3207
• DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/84.3.497

BACKGROUND: A variety of soybean oils were developed with improved oxidative stability and functional characteristics for use as alternatives to partially hydrogenated fat. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to assess the effect of selectively bred and genetically modified soybean oils with altered fatty acid profiles, relative to common soybean and partially hydrogenated soybean oils, on cardiovascular disease risk factors. DESIGN: Thirty subjects (16 women and 14 men) aged >50 y with LDL-cholesterol concentrations >130 mg/dL at screening consumed 5 experimental diets in random order for 35 d each. Diets contained the same foods and provided 30% of energy as fat, of which two-thirds was either soybean oil (SO), low-saturated fatty acid soybean oil (LoSFA-SO), high-oleic acid soybean oil (HiOleic-SO), low-α-linolenic acid soybean oil (LoALA-SO), or partially hydrogenated soybean oil (Hydrog-SO). RESULTS: Plasma phospholipid patterns reflected the predominant fat in the diet. LDL-cholesterol concentrations were 3.66 ± 0.67b, 3.53 ± 0.77b, 3.70 ± 0.66b, 3.71 ± 0.64a,b, and 3.92 ± 0.70a mol/L; HDL-cholesterol concentrations were 1.32 ± 0.32a,b, 1.32 ± 0.35b, 1.36 ± 0.33a, 1.32 ± 0.33b, and 1.32 ± 0.32a,b mol/L for the SO, LoSFA-SO, HiOleic-SO, LoALA-SO, and Hydrog-SO diets, respectively (values with different superscript letters are significantly different, P < 0.05). No significant effects were observed on VLDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol, lipoprotein(a), and C-reactive protein concentrations or on ratios of LDL cholesterol to apolipoprotein B (apo B) and HDL cholesterol to apo A-I. Total cholesterol:HDL cholesterol was lower after subjects consumed the unhydrogenated soybean oils than after they consumed the Hydrog-SO diet. CONCLUSIONS: All varieties of soybean oils resulted in more favorable lipoprotein profiles than did the partially hydrogenated form. These soybean oils may provide a viable option for reformulation of products to reduce the content of trans fatty acids.