Continuous Glucose Monitoring–Guided Insulin Administration in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial

• Published in: Diabetes care Vol. 45; no. 10; pp. 2369 - 2375
• Main Authors: Spanakis, Elias K., Urrutia, Agustina, Galindo, Rodolfo J., Vellanki, Priyathama, Migdal, Alexandra L., Davis, Georgia, Fayfman, Maya, Idrees, Thaer, Pasquel, Francisco J., Coronado, Walkiria Zamudio, Albury, Bonnie, Moreno, Emmenlin, Singh, Lakshmi G., Marcano, Isabel, Lizama, Sergio, Gothong, Chikara, Munir, Kashif, Chesney, Catalina, Maguire, Rebecca, Scott, William H., Perez-Guzman, M. Citlalli, Cardona, Saumeth, Peng, Limin, Umpierrez, Guillermo E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Diabetes Association 01.10.2022
• Subjects: Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring - methods; Clinical trials; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (insulin dependent); Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - chemically induced; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy; Emerging Technologies: Data Systems and Devices; Glucose; Glucose monitoring; Glycated Hemoglobin - analysis; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemia - chemically induced; Hypoglycemia - drug therapy; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin, Regular, Human; Monitoring; Patients; Research design
• ISSN: 0149-5992; 1935-5548; 1935-5548
• DOI: 10.2337/dc22-0716

The efficacy and safety of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in adjusting inpatient insulin therapy have not been evaluated. This randomized trial included 185 general medicine and surgery patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes treated with a basal-bolus insulin regimen. All subjects underwent point-of-care (POC) capillary glucose testing before meals and bedtime. Patients in the standard of care (POC group) wore a blinded Dexcom G6 CGM with insulin dose adjusted based on POC results, while in the CGM group, insulin adjustment was based on daily CGM profile. Primary end points were differences in time in range (TIR; 70-180 mg/dL) and hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL and <54 mg/dL). There were no significant differences in TIR (54.51% ± 27.72 vs. 48.64% ± 24.25; P = 0.14), mean daily glucose (183.2 ± 40 vs. 186.8 ± 39 mg/dL; P = 0.36), or percent of patients with CGM values <70 mg/dL (36% vs. 39%; P = 0.68) or <54 mg/dL (14 vs. 24%; P = 0.12) between the CGM-guided and POC groups. Among patients with one or more hypoglycemic events, compared with POC, the CGM group experienced a significant reduction in hypoglycemia reoccurrence (1.80 ± 1.54 vs. 2.94 ± 2.76 events/patient; P = 0.03), lower percentage of time below range <70 mg/dL (1.89% ± 3.27 vs. 5.47% ± 8.49; P = 0.02), and lower incidence rate ratio <70 mg/dL (0.53 [95% CI 0.31-0.92]) and <54 mg/dL (0.37 [95% CI 0.17-0.83]). The inpatient use of real-time Dexcom G6 CGM is safe and effective in guiding insulin therapy, resulting in a similar improvement in glycemic control and a significant reduction of recurrent hypoglycemic events compared with POC-guided insulin adjustment.