Morphological adaptations to small size in the marine diatom Minidiscus comicus

• Published in: Scientia marina Vol. 80; no. S1; pp. 89 - 96
• Main Authors: Jewson, David, Kuwata, Akira, Cros, Lluïsa, Fortuño, José Manuel, Estrada, Marta
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Barcelona Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas 30.09.2016
• Subjects: Adaptation; Astrobiology; Cell size; Cell walls; Cells; Diatoms; Life cycle; Life cycle engineering; Life cycles; marine diatom; minidiscus comicus; Morphology; Photosynthesis; Plankton; Restoration; size change; size limit; size restoration; Valves; Mediterranean Sea
• ISSN: 0214-8358; 1886-8134
• DOI: 10.3989/scimar.04331.06C

Minidiscus comicus is a marine centric diatom that has cells with diameters as small as 1.9 μm, which brings it close to the lower limit of diatom cell size and also near to the lower limit of photosynthetic eukaryote cells. One of the questions that this raises is whether the cycle of size decline and size restoration used by most diatoms to time their life cycle can operate in such small cells. In samples collected from the western Mediterranean during 2009, M. comicus cells were found with diameters ranging from 1.9 to 6.0 μm. The larger cells were initial cells after size restoration, and these still had the valves of their parent cells attached, making it possible to determine the diameter of the threshold below which size restoration could be induced (3.1 μm). During size decline, M. comicus cell shape changed from discoid to spherical. This adaptation helped to reduce and even halt the rate of cell volume decrease, allowing cells to continue to use diameter decline as a clocking mechanism. The results show how adaptable the diatom cell wall can be, in spite of its rigid appearance.