The human relevant potency threshold: Reducing uncertainty by human calibration of cumulative risk assessments

• Published in: Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology Vol. 62; no. 2; pp. 313 - 328
• Main Authors: Borgert, C.J., Sargent, E.V., Casella, G., Dietrich, D.R., McCarty, L.S., Golden, R.J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier Inc 01.03.2012
• Subjects: Androgen Antagonists - toxicity; Animals; Anti-androgens; Calibration; Chemical mixtures; Cumulative risk assessment; Diethylstilbestrol; Diethylstilbestrol - toxicity; Dose addition; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endocrine disruptor; Endpoint Determination; Finasteride; Finasteride - toxicity; Human relevance; Humans; Independent action; Phthalate esters; Rats; Research Design; Risk Assessment - methods; Species Specificity; Uncertainty; Human relevance; Phthalate esters; Finasteride; Dose addition; Cumulative risk assessment; Chemical mixtures; Anti-androgens; Diethylstilbestrol; Endocrine disruptor; Independent action
• ISSN: 0273-2300; 1096-0295
• DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2011.10.012

► National Research Council recommendations for cumulative risk assessment were tested. ► The recommendation to use dose addition exclusively is scientifically untenable. ► A better approach was developed based on data for human pharmaceuticals. ► The new approach applies independent action for phthalates at current exposures. The 2008 National Research Council report “Phthalates and Cumulative Risk Assessment: Tasks Ahead,” rejected the underlying premises of TEQ-like approaches – e.g., chemicals are true congeners; are metabolized and detoxified similarly; produce the same biological effects by the same mode of action; exhibit parallel dose response curves – instead asserting that cumulative risk assessment should apply dose addition (DA) to all chemicals that produce “common adverse outcomes” (CAOS). Published mixtures data and a human health risk assessment for phthalates and anti-androgens were evaluated to determine how firmly the DA–CAOS concept is supported and with what level of statistical certainty the results may be extrapolated to lower doses in humans. Underlying assumptions of the DA–CAOS concept were tested for accuracy and consistency against data for two human pharmaceuticals and its logical predictions were compared to human clinical and epidemiological experience. Those analyses revealed that DA–CAOS is scientifically untenable. Therefore, an alternative approach was developed – the Human-Relevant Potency-Threshold (HRPT) – that appears to fit the data better and avoids the contradictions inherent in the DA–CAOS concept. The proposed approach recommends application of independent action for phthalates and other chemicals with potential anti-androgenic properties at current human exposure levels.