A New Test of Irony and Indirect Requests Comprehension—The IRRI Test: Validation and Normative Data in French-Speaking Adults

• Published in: Archives of clinical neuropsychology Vol. 37; no. 1; pp. 173 - 185
• Main Authors: Cordonier, Natacha, Champagne-Lavau, Maud, Fossard, Marion
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Oxford University Press 17.01.2022; Oxford University Press (OUP)
• Subjects: Adult; Cognitive science; Comprehension; Executive Function; Humans; Language; Linguistics; Neuropsychological Tests; Neuroscience; Psychology; Reproducibility of Results; Underlying Cognitive Impairment; Test Standardization; Psychometrics; Brain Injuries; Figurative Language; Neuropsychological Assessment
• ISSN: 1873-5843; 0887-6177; 1873-5843
• DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acab043

Abstract Objective Nonliteral language comprehension disorders in individuals with acquired brain injuries (ABI) are frequently reported in the literature but rarely assessed in clinical settings. A major reason is the lack of tools available to clinicians. Therefore, the present study aimed to further promote the pragmatic assessment routine by creating a new nonliteral language comprehension tool for ABI individuals: the IRRI test. This tool is intended to be standardized and capable of directing clinicians to cognitive deficits underlying a poor understanding of nonliteral language—context processing, executive functions, and theory of mind. Method Three studies were conducted. The first study aimed at constructing the two IRRI test tasks: the irony and indirect requests comprehension tasks. These tasks integrate the cognitive processes within them. The second study aimed at analyzing the tasks’ psychometric qualities in a sample of 33 ABI participants and 33 healthy participants (HC). Preliminary normative data obtained from 102 healthy French-speaking subjects were collected in the third study. Results Significant differences in the IRRI test’s performances were observed between the ABI and HC individuals. The indirect requests task demonstrated robust convergent validity and good sensibility to discriminate altered participants among ABI participants. Both IRRI test’s tasks also showed excellent test–retest and inter-rater reliability. The preliminary norms were stratified according to the conditions of interest in relation to the cognitive mechanisms underlying the understanding of nonliteral language. Conclusions The IRRI test is a promising new standardized test of nonliteral language comprehension, which contributes to identifying cognitive-pragmatic profiles to guide therapy.