A Review on Wire-Fed Directed Energy Deposition Based Metal Additive Manufacturing

Metal additive manufacturing has reached a level where products and components can be directly fabricated for applications requiring small batches and customized designs, from tinny body implants to long pedestrian bridges over rivers. Wire-fed directed energy deposition based additive manufacturing...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing Vol. 7; no. 1; p. 45
Main Authors Özel, Tuğrul, Shokri, Hamed, Loizeau, Raphaël
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.02.2023
Subjects
3D printing
Additive manufacturing
Aerospace industry
Alloys
Arc deposition
directed energy deposition
Energy
Footbridges
grain
Grain size
Homogeneity
Lasers
Manufacturing
Mechanical properties
metals
Microstructure
Pedestrian bridges
Plasma
Process variables
Raw materials
Sensitivity analysis
Structural integrity
Titanium alloys
Wire
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Summary:Metal additive manufacturing has reached a level where products and components can be directly fabricated for applications requiring small batches and customized designs, from tinny body implants to long pedestrian bridges over rivers. Wire-fed directed energy deposition based additive manufacturing enables fabricating large parts in a cost-effective way. However, achieving reliable mechanical properties, desired structural integrity, and homogeneity in microstructure and grain size is challenging due to layerwise-built characteristics. Manufacturing processes, alloy composition, process variables, and post-processing of the fabricated part strongly affect the resultant microstructure and, as a consequence, component serviceability. This paper reviews the advances in wire-fed directed energy deposition, specifically wire arc metal additive processes, and the recent efforts in grain tailoring during the process for the desired size and shape. The paper also addresses modeling methods that can improve the qualification of fabricated parts by modifying the microstructure and avoid repetitive trials and material waste.
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ISSN:2504-4494
2504-4494
DOI:10.3390/jmmp7010045