Chitosan cross-linked with κ-carrageenan to remove cadmium from water and soil systems

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 26; no. 25; pp. 26254 - 26264
• Main Authors: Mola Ali Abasiyan, Sara, Dashbolaghi, Farahnaz, Mahdavinia, Gholam Reza
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.09.2019; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adsorbents; Adsorption; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Cadmium; Cadmium - chemistry; Cadmium - isolation & purification; Carrageenan; Carrageenan - chemistry; Carrageenans; Chitosan; Chitosan - chemistry; Cross-Linking Reagents - chemistry; Crosslinking; Desorption; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Electron microscopy; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental science; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Magnetic properties; Magnetite Nanoparticles - chemistry; Microscopy; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Molecular weight; Nanocomposites; Organic chemistry; Potential theory; Research Article; Scanning electron microscopy; Soil Pollutants - chemistry; Soil Pollutants - isolation & purification; Soil water; Soils; Transmission electron microscopy; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry; Water Pollutants, Chemical - isolation & purification; Water Pollution Control; X-Ray Diffraction; Removal; Cadmium; Freundlich; Langmuir; κ-Carrageenan; Dubinin-Radushkevich; Temkin; Magnetic chitosan
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05488-1

In this study, magnetic bio-adsorbent based on chitosan with high molecular weight was prepared. To stabilize under acidic condition, the synthesized magnetic chitosan was cross-linked with κ-carrageenan (mChitoCar). The magnetic bio-adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The results indicated that mChitoCar had desirable magnetic-sorption properties, and magnetic/bio-adsorbent was successfully synthesized and cross-linked. The present nanocomposite was applied to remove and immobilize Cd 2+ from water and soil systems. Adsorption and desorption of cadmium by the chitosan bio-adsorbent were investigated using batch experiments. Isotherm data were described by using Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Temkin models, and better fitting was introduced by Freundlich model in both water and soil systems. The maximum adsorption capacity ( b ) of cadmium onto mChitoCar appeared to increase from the water system to the soil system, from 750.2 to 992.7 μmol/g, respectively. The adsorption mechanism with the help of potential theory indicates the adsorption of cadmium onto the mChitoCar surface is following chemical adsorption type. To evaluate the efficiency of the modified chitosan as a good bio-adsorbent in water and soil system, the difference between adsorption and desorption amounts, Δq , was calculated. By comparing the amounts of Δq , the bio-adsorbent is not economically feasible at high initial concentrations in the water system. But, the bio-adsorbent used can be relatively economic as a soil modifier.