What is a plant nutrient? Changing definitions to advance science and innovation in plant nutrition

• Published in: Plant and soil Vol. 476; no. 1-2; pp. 11 - 23
• Main Authors: Brown, Patrick H., Zhao, Fang-Jie, Dobermann, Achim
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.07.2022; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Agriculture; Analysis; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Criteria; Disease resistance; Ecology; Flowers & plants; Growth (Plants); Harvesting; Human nutrition; Innovations; Life cycles; Life Sciences; Methods; Nutrients; Nutrition; Opinion Paper; Plant diversity; Plant growth; Plant nutrition; Plant Physiology; Plant Sciences; Plant species; Quality management; Regeneration; Resource efficiency; Soil Science & Conservation; Species diversity; France; Plant nutrients; Definition; Beneficial elements; Essential elements
• ISSN: 0032-079X; 1573-5036
• DOI: 10.1007/s11104-021-05171-w

Current definitions of essential or beneficial elements for plant growth rely on narrowly defined criteria that do not fully represent a new vision for plant nutrition and compromise fertilizer regulation and practice. A new definition of what is a plant nutrient that is founded in science and relevant in practice has the potential to revitalize innovation and discovery. A proposed new definition might read: A mineral plant nutrient is an element which is essential or beneficial for plant growth and development or for the quality attributes of the plant or harvested product, of a given plant species, grown in its natural or cultivated environment. A plant nutrient may be considered essential if the life cycle of a diversity of plant species cannot be completed in the absence of the element. A plant nutrient may be considered beneficial if it does not meet the criteria of essentiality, but can be shown to benefit plant growth and development or the quality attributes of a plant or its harvested product . It includes elements currently identified as essential, elements for which a clear plant metabolic function has been identified, as well as elements that have demonstrated clear benefits to plant productivity, crop quality, resource use efficiency, stress tolerance or pest and disease resistance. We propose an open scientific debate to refine and implement this updated definition of plant nutrients. Other outcomes of this debate could be a more precise definition of the experimental evidence required to classify an element as a plant nutrient, and an independent scientific body to regularly review the list of essential and beneficial nutrients. The debate could also attempt to refine the definition of plant nutrients to better align with nutrients deemed essential for animal and human nutrition, thus following a more holistic ’one nutrition‘ concept.