Body armour – New materials, new systems

• Published in: Defence technology Vol. 15; no. 3; pp. 241 - 253
• Main Author: Crouch, Ian G.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01.06.2019; KeAi Communications Co., Ltd
• Subjects: Aramids; Body armor; Body armour; Ceramic armour; Fabrics; Fibres; Hard armour plates; Reaction sintered silicon carbide; Small-arms ammunition; Soft vests; Strike-face materials; UHMWPE; Body armour; UHMWPE; Ceramic armour; Fibres; Reaction sintered silicon carbide; Small-arms ammunition; Fabrics; Body armor; Strike-face materials; Aramids; Hard armour plates; Soft vests
• ISSN: 2214-9147; 2214-9147
• DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2019.02.002

This is a very timely review of body armour materials and systems since new test standards are currently being written, or reviewed, and new, innovative products released. Of greatest importance, however, is the recent evolution, and maturity, of the Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene fibres enabling a completely new style of system to evolve – a stackable system of Hard Armour Plates. The science of body armour materials is quickly reviewed with emphasis upon current understanding of relevant energy-absorbing mechanisms in fibres, fabrics, polymeric laminates and ceramics. The trend in on-going developments in ballistic fibres is then reviewed, analysed and future projections offered. Weaknesses in some of the ceramic grades are highlighted as is the value of using cladding materials to improve the robustness, and multi-strike performance, of Hard Armour Plates. Finally, with the drive for lighter, and therefore smaller, soft armour systems for military personnel the challenges for armour designers are reported, and the importance of the relative size of the Hard Armour Plate to the Soft Armour Insert is strongly emphasised.