Histological and Histomorphometric Analyses of Bone Regeneration in Osteoporotic Rats Using a Xenograft Material

• Published in: Materials Vol. 14; no. 1; p. 222
• Main Authors: Shaheen, Marwa Y, Basudan, Amani M, Niazy, Abdurahman A, van den Beucken, Jeroen J J P, Jansen, John A, Alghamdi, Hamdan S
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 05.01.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: animal model; Biomedical materials; bone regeneration; Clinical trials; Defects; Dentistry; Evaluation; FDA approval; Grafting; Growth factors; Healing; Metabolism; Osteoporosis; osteoporotic condition; Regeneration (physiology); Skin & tissue grafts; Stem cells; Substitute bone; Systematic review; Transplants & implants; xenograft; Xenotransplantation; bone regeneration; xenograft; animal model; osteoporotic condition
• ISSN: 1996-1944; 1996-1944
• DOI: 10.3390/ma14010222

We evaluated the effect of osteoporotic induction after eight weeks of initial healing of bone defects grafted with a xenograft material in a rat model. Bone defects were created in the femoral condyles of 16 female Wistar rats (one defect per rat). The defects were filled with bovine bone (Inter-Oss) granules. After eight weeks of bone healing, rats were randomly ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated (SHAM). At 14 weeks of bone healing, all animals were euthanized. Bone specimens were harvested and processed for histological and histomorphometric analyses to assess new bone formation (N-BF%), remaining bone graft (RBG%) and trabecular bone space (Tb.Sp%) within the defect area. After 14 weeks of bone healing, histological evaluation revealed a significant alteration in trabecular bone in OVX rats compared to SHAM rats. There was lower N-BF% in OVX rats (22.5% ± 3.0%) compared to SHAM rats (37.7% ± 7.9%; < 0.05). Additionally, the RBG% was significantly lower in OVX (23.7% ± 5.8%) compared to SHAM (34.8% ± 9.6%; < 0.05) rats. Finally, the Tb.Sp% was higher in OVX (53.8% ± 7.7%) compared to SHAM (27.5% ± 14.3%; < 0.05) rats. In conclusion, within the limitations of this study, inducing an osteoporotic condition in a rat model negatively influenced bone regeneration in the created bone defect and grafted with a xenograft material.