Biopolymer nanovehicles for essential polyunsaturated fatty acids: Structure–functionality relationships

• Published in: Food research international Vol. 88; no. Pt A; pp. 70 - 78
• Main Authors: Semenova, Maria G., Antipova, Anna S., Zelikina, Darya V., Martirosova, Elena I., Plashchina, Irina G., Palmina, Nadezda P., Binyukov, Vladimir I., Bogdanova, Natalia G., Kasparov, Valerii V., Shumilina, Elena A., Ozerova, Natalia S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Canada Elsevier Ltd 01.10.2016
• Subjects: Covalent conjugate; Encapsulation; Essential fatty acids; Protection against oxidation; Soy phospholipids; Water solubility; Encapsulation; Protection against oxidation; Water solubility; Covalent conjugate; Essential fatty acids; Soy phospholipids
• ISSN: 0963-9969; 1873-7145
• DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.05.008

Design of stimuli-sensitive (i.e., smart) nano-sized delivery systems for nutraceuticals, having both a nutritional and pharmaceutical value, is very important for the formulation of novel functional food. Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are among the most needed nutraceuticals for the maintenance of good health. It is medically proven that in order to get the best effect on the human health the weight ratio of ω−6/ω−3 PUFAs should be within the range between 1/1 and 5/1. Thus, our work was focused on the molecular design of the delivery systems based on the nano-sized complexes formed between covalent conjugate (sodium caseinate+maltodextrin (a dextrose equivalent=2)) and the combinations of polyunsaturated lipids, which are mutually complementary in the ω−6 and ω−3 PUFAs content: α-linolenic (ALA)+linoleic (LA) acids; liposomes of soy phosphatidylcholine (PC)+ALA; and micelles of soy lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)+ALA. For such complex particles the high extent (>95%) of encapsulation of these all combinations of lipids by the conjugate was found along with both the high protection of the lipids against oxidation and their high solubility in an aqueous medium. To gain a better insight into such functionality of the complex particles a number of their structural (the weight-averaged molar weight, Mw; the radius of gyration, RG; the hydrodynamic radius, Rh; the architecture; the volume; the density; the ζ-potential; the microviscosity of both the bilayers of PC liposomes and LPC micelles), and thermodynamic (the osmotic second virial coefficient, A2, reflecting the nature and intensity of both the complex-complex and complex-solvent pair interactions) parameters were measured by a combination of such basic physico-chemical methods as static and dynamic multiangle laser light scattering, particle electrophoresis, atomic-force microscopy and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. •Physico-chemical insight into the structure–functionality relationships•High protection of polyunsaturated lipids against oxidation•High solubility of polyunsaturated lipids in an aqueous medium•Increase in microviscosity of bilayers of PC liposomes and LPC micelles•Visualization of complex particles based on both AFM and SLS data