Chemokines as markers of local inflammation and angiogenesis in patients with chronic subdural hematoma: a prospective study

• Published in: Acta neurochirurgica Vol. 154; no. 1; pp. 113 - 120
• Main Authors: Stanisic, Milo, Lyngstadaas, Staale Petter, Pripp, Are Hugo, Aasen, Ansgar Oddne, Lindegaard, Karl-Fredrik, Ivanovic, Jugoslav, Ilstad, Eivind, Konglund, Ane, Sandell, Tiril, Ellingsen, Omar, Sæhle, Terje
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Vienna Springer Vienna 2012; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiogenesis; Antibodies; Blood; Brain; Cavities; Chemokine CCL2 - blood; Chemokine CXCL10 - blood; Chemokine CXCL9 - blood; Chemokines; Clinical Article; CXCL10 protein; Dura mater; Female; Hematoma; Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic - diagnosis; Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic - immunology; Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic - metabolism; Humans; Immune response; Inflammation; Inflammation - blood; Inflammation - immunology; Inflammation - pathology; Inflammation Mediators - physiology; Interleukin-8 - blood; Interventional Radiology; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Meninges; Middle Aged; Minimally Invasive Surgery; Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; Neovascularization, Physiologic - immunology; Neurology; Neuromodulation; Neuroradiology; Neurosurgery; Prospective Studies; Surgery; Surgical Orthopedics; vascularization; Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9; Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2; Chronic subdural hematoma; Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8; Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10
• ISSN: 0001-6268; 0942-0940
• DOI: 10.1007/s00701-011-1203-2

Objective The goal of this study was to investigate the chemokines CCL2, CXCL8, CXCL9 and CXCL10 as markers of the inflammatory responses in chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). Methods Samples of peripheral venous blood and CSDH fluid (obtained during surgery) in 76 adult patients were prospectively analyzed. Chemokine values were assessed by a Multiplex antibody bead kit. Results We found significantly higher levels of chemokines CCL2, CXCL8, CXCL9 and CXCL10 in hematoma fluid compared with serum. Conclusions Chemokines are elevated in the hematoma cavity of patients with CSDH. It is likely that these signaling modulators play an important role in promoting local inflammation. Furthermore, biological activity of CCL2 and CXCL8 may promote neovascularization within the outer CSDH membrane, and a compensatory angiostatic activity of CXCL9 and CXCL10 may contribute to repairing this disorder. This phenomenon was restricted to the hematoma site, and the systemic chemokine levels might not reflect local immune responses.