Heatstroke Risk Predictions for Current and Near-Future Summers in Sendai, Japan, Based on Mesoscale WRF Simulations

The incidence of heatstroke has been increasing in Japan, and future climate change is likely to increase heatstroke risk. We therefore developed a method to quantify the spatial distribution of outdoor heatstroke risk and predicted future changes in this risk considering the predicted climate chang...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inSustainability Vol. 9; no. 8; p. 1467
Main Authors Kasai, Masataka, Okaze, Tsubasa, Mochida, Akashi, Hanaoka, Kazumasa
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 18.08.2017
Subjects
Air temperature
Climate
Climate change
Climatic conditions
Coastal zone
Computer simulation
Data processing
Emergency vehicles
Forecasting
Health hazards
Heat stroke
Heatstroke
Incidence
Population density
Risk
Spatial distribution
Sustainability
Japan
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Summary:The incidence of heatstroke has been increasing in Japan, and future climate change is likely to increase heatstroke risk. We therefore developed a method to quantify the spatial distribution of outdoor heatstroke risk and predicted future changes in this risk considering the predicted climate change in Sendai, Japan. Heatstroke risk was quantified by assessing hazard, vulnerability and exposure. Daily maximum wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) was selected as the hazard index. The distribution of WBGT was predicted by mesoscale meteorological simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The relationship between daily maximum WBGT and the daily incidence rate was approximated by analyzing emergency transport data. This relationship was selected as the vulnerability index. Using the hazard and vulnerability indices, a spatial distribution of the monthly incidence rate was obtained. Finally, the total number of heatstroke patients per month was estimated by multiplying the monthly incidence rate by the population density. The outdoor heatstroke risk for August was then estimated for current (2000s) and near-future (2030s) climatic conditions in Sendai. WBGT at coastal areas in the 2030s increased owing to increases in humidity, while WBGT at inland areas increased owing to increases in air temperature. This increase in WBGT drove increases in heatstroke risk.
ISSN:2071-1050
2071-1050
DOI:10.3390/su9081467