Unsupervised Change Detection Using Convolutional-Autoencoder Multiresolution Features

• Published in: IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing Vol. 60; pp. 1 - 19
• Main Authors: Bergamasco, Luca, Saha, Sudipan, Bovolo, Francesca, Bruzzone, Lorenzo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 2022; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Change detection; Convolutional autoencoder (CAE); Data models; Decoding; Deep learning; deep learning (DL); Deforestation; Detection; Feature extraction; Feature maps; Image acquisition; Landsat; Landsat satellites; Methods; multitemporal analysis; Remote sensing; remote sensing (RS); Satellite imagery; Semantics; Task analysis; Training; Transfer learning; unsupervised change detection (CD); unsupervised learning
• ISSN: 0196-2892; 1558-0644
• DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2022.3140404

The use of deep learning (DL) methods for change detection (CD) is currently dominated by supervised models that require a large number of labeled samples. However, these samples are difficult to acquire in the multitemporal case. A possible alternative is leveraging methods that exploit transfer learning for CD by reusing DL models pretrained for other tasks. However, the performance of the transfer-learning-based models decreases as much as the target images differ from the ones used for training the model. To overcome this limit, we propose an unsupervised CD method that exploits multiresolution deep feature maps derived by a convolutional autoencoder (CAE). It automatically learns spatial features from the input during the training phase without requiring any labeled data. The proposed method processes the bitemporal images to obtain and compare multiresolution bitemporal feature maps. These feature maps are then analyzed by a feature-selection technique to select the most discriminant ones. Furthermore, an aggregated multiresolution difference image is computed and used for a detail-preserving multiscale CD. In the context of this CD approach, we propose two alternative strategies to retrieve multiscale reliability maps. We tested the proposed method on bitemporal multispectral images acquired by Landsat-5 and Landsat-8 representing burned areas and Sentinel-2 images representing deforested areas. Results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed CD technique.