Influence of auxins, cytokinins, and nitrogen on production of rutin from callus and adventitious roots of the white mulberry tree (Morus alba L.)

• Published in: Plant cell, tissue and organ culture Vol. 105; no. 1; pp. 9 - 19
• Main Authors: Lee, Yew, Lee, Dong-Eun, Lee, Hak-Soo, Kim, Seong-Ki, Lee, Woo Sung, Kim, Soo-Hwan, Kim, Myoung-Won
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands 01.04.2011; Springer Netherlands; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: 2,4-D; Acetic acid; Aging; Ammonium; Anticancer properties; Antitumor activity; Auxins; Benzyladenine; Biological and medical sciences; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biotechnology; Callus; Cytokinins; Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Indoleacetic acid; Kinetin; Leaves; Levels; Life Sciences; Morus; Morus alba; Naphthalene; Original Paper; Plant Genetics and Genomics; Plant Pathology; Plant Physiology; Plant Sciences; Proteins; Root development; Roots; Rutin; Senescence; Suspension culture; Callus; Secondary metabolites; Auxin; Mulberry plants; to-NO; NH; Adventitious roots; Plant growth regulator; Rutin; Cytokinin; ratio; Ammonium; Metabolite; Nitrates; Morus alba; Dicotyledones; Angiospermae; Production; Plant growth substance; Secondary metabolism; Vegetals; Moraceae; Nitrogen; Adventitious root; Spermatophyta
• ISSN: 0167-6857; 1573-5044
• DOI: 10.1007/s11240-010-9832-3

Rutin is an economically valuable flavone compound with anticancer activity, dietary effects, and anti-aging activity. In this study, callus and adventitious roots were induced from three Morus (mulberry) species. Among the three mulberry species tested for rutin production, roots of the Sugye (M. alba L.) had the highest levels (242.2 μg/g fresh tissue) of rutin. In addition, the mature leaves of this type of tree promoted higher levels of rutin compared to those of young leaves or those undergoing senescence. Adding auxins such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and naphthalene-1-acetic acid (NAA) not only enhanced the development of callus and adventitious roots but also increased the protein and rutin contents. In contrast, adding cytokinins such as 6-benzyladenine (BA) and kinetin (KN) retarded callus and adventitious root development as well as the protein and rutin contents. Callus in suspension culture in the presence of IAA produced more rutin than that in the absence of IAA. However, rutin secretion into a medium was greater in the absence of IAA. Different ammonium/nitrate (AM/NI) ratios in a root suspension culture also greatly affected rutin production and its secretion into a liquid medium. As a result, the highest level of rutin was produced when adventitious roots were grown in a 34/66 AM/NI full-strength standard MS medium containing 5 mg/l IAA.