A Wideband Isolated Real-to-Complex Impedance Transforming Uniplanar Microstrip Line Balun for Push-Pull Power Amplifier

• Published in: IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques Vol. 68; no. 11; pp. 4560 - 4569
• Main Authors: Maktoomi, Md Hedayatullah, Ren, Han, Marbell, Marvin N., Klein, Victor, Wilson, Richard, Arigong, Bayaner
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01.11.2020; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Baluns; Bandwidths; Broadband; Design; Frequency ranges; Impedance; Isolation; Mathematical model; Microstrip; microstrip line balun; Microstrip transmission lines; power amplifier; Power amplifiers; Push-pull amplifiers; push–pull; real–complex impedance transforming; Transmission lines; Wideband
• ISSN: 0018-9480; 1557-9670
• DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2020.3019003

In this article, a three-port uniplanar microstrip line balun is proposed to transform the balanced complex load termination to 50-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\Omega </tex-math></inline-formula> unbalanced port impedance. The proposed device is designed based on a symmetric four-port network with an open-ended transmission line inserted between branch lines in the middle of structure. To improve the isolation and match the complex termination, a resistive network is proposed and inserted between the two balanced ports. In addition, the theoretical analysis is carried out for the even and odd mode circuits to expand the bandwidth of the proposed real-complex impedance transforming balun. With the proposed design theory, the impedance trajectory follower splitting and combining baluns are designed for wideband push-pull power amplifier (PPPA). To verify the design concept, first, a real-complex impedance transforming uniplanar microstrip line balun is designed and characterized at 1 GHz. Then, a prototype for the wideband PPPA with impedance trajectory follower microstrip baluns is designed, fabricated, and validated in experiment. For the proposed balun, the simulated and measured results agree well with each other to prove the design concept. From the experimental results, the PPPA with the proposed balun shows a gain of 10.2-12.2 dB, output power of 42.7-44.7 dBm, and a drain efficiency of 59.8%-74.6% within the frequency range of 1.8-2.7 GHz.