Investor ideology

We estimate institutional investor preferences from proxy voting records. The W-NOMINATE method maps investors onto a left-right dimension based on votes for fiscal year 2012. Public pension funds and other investors on the left support a more social and environment-friendly orientation of the firm...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of financial economics Vol. 137; no. 2; pp. 320 - 352
Main Authors Bolton, Patrick, Li, Tao, Ravina, Enrichetta, Rosenthal, Howard
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 01.08.2020
Elsevier Sequoia S.A
Subjects
Advisors
Compensation
Executive compensation
Governance
Ideology
Institutional investments
Institutional investors
Investors
Money
Mutual funds
Pension funds
Preferences
Proxies
Proxy voting
Spatial model
Voting
Proxy voting
G30
Ideology
G23
C80
Spatial model
Institutional investors
D72
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract We estimate institutional investor preferences from proxy voting records. The W-NOMINATE method maps investors onto a left-right dimension based on votes for fiscal year 2012. Public pension funds and other investors on the left support a more social and environment-friendly orientation of the firm and fewer executive compensation proposals. “Money-conscious” investors appear on the right. The proxy advisor ISS makes voting recommendations that place it center, to the left of most large mutual funds. A second dimension reflects a more traditional governance view, with management-disciplinarian investors, the proxy advisor Glass Lewis among them, pitted against more management-friendly ones.
AbstractList We estimate institutional investor preferences from proxy voting records. The W-NOMINATE method maps investors onto a left-right dimension based on votes for fiscal year 2012. Public pension funds and other investors on the left support a more social and environment-friendly orientation of the firm and fewer executive compensation proposals. "Money-conscious" investors appear on the right. The proxy advisor ISS makes voting recommendations that place it center, to the left of most large mutual funds. A second dimension reflects a more traditional governance view, with management-disciplinarian investors, the proxy advisor Glass Lewis among them, pitted against more management-friendly ones.
Author Bolton, Patrick
Ravina, Enrichetta
Rosenthal, Howard
Li, Tao
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Patrick
  surname: Bolton
  fullname: Bolton, Patrick
  email: pb2208@columbia.edu
  organization: Columbia University, United States and Imperial College, United Kingdom
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Tao
  surname: Li
  fullname: Li, Tao
  organization: Warrington College of Business, University of Florida, United States
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Enrichetta
  surname: Ravina
  fullname: Ravina, Enrichetta
  organization: Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, United States
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Howard
  surname: Rosenthal
  fullname: Rosenthal, Howard
  organization: Wilf Family Department of Politics, New York University, United States
BookMark eNqFj0tLAzEUhYNUsK0u_AGC4HrGm8mzK5FitVBwo-Au5CkZ6qQmbaH_3pR279nczTnnnm-CRkMaPEJ3GFoMmD_2bR_i4G1qO-igBdIC0As0xlLMmk4IOkJjIEAbCuzrCk1K6aFKsNkY3S6HvS_blO-j82mdvg_X6DLodfE35ztFn4uXj_lbs3p_Xc6fV42l0G0bAk56yg1l3HHhQHIDgjPLKAQChjlLuQUtCZvR0Gkmgg7GayOwNJpRQ6bo4dS7yel3VzeoPu3yUF-qjlIspeBCVhc7uWxOpWQf1CbHH50PCoM60qtenenVkV4BUZW-5p5OOV8R9tFnVWz0g_UuZm-3yqX4T8MfHLxlXA
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4183855
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4470567
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4802141
crossref_primary_10_1111_jofi_13255
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3711791
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3843674
crossref_primary_10_1093_rfs_hhab059
crossref_primary_10_55204_rc_v1i1_30
crossref_primary_10_1186_s43093_022_00132_w
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3124039
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4645132
crossref_primary_10_1093_rfs_hhaa128
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4502527
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11142_021_09603_x
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4159475
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4269272
crossref_primary_10_1111_ecaf_12615
crossref_primary_10_1287_mnsc_2023_4820
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4521854
crossref_primary_10_1086_720516
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3614314
crossref_primary_10_1177_00018392231203008
crossref_primary_10_1111_joes_12599
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3287430
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3820979
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_2794709
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4660355
crossref_primary_10_1093_rfs_hhad066
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4382489
crossref_primary_10_1111_corg_12564
crossref_primary_10_1093_rfs_hhab037
crossref_primary_10_1093_rof_rfab031
crossref_primary_10_1093_rof_rfac004
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40804_023_00304_3
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4316541
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3212660
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3777316
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3725355
crossref_primary_10_1111_eufm_12388
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3997730
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11142_022_09692_2
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jfineco_2021_07_013
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3977980
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3682800
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3849762
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3555510
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3671918
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3756114
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4484626
crossref_primary_10_1186_s40991_023_00076_6
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_irfa_2022_102310
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3966579
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3259433
crossref_primary_10_3166_rfg_2021_00576
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3825090
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3995765
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4390367
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4564648
crossref_primary_10_1093_jeea_jvae035
crossref_primary_10_1093_ej_ueac081
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3567026
crossref_primary_10_1093_rfs_hhac072
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4123999
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4214762
crossref_primary_10_58763_rc20229
crossref_primary_10_1093_rcfs_cfaa026
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcorpfin_2023_102487
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4293631
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3353534
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3908230
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3557588
crossref_primary_10_1177_01492063221151161
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3101473
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3803690
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jfineco_2024_103810
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_intfin_2024_101973
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcorpfin_2020_101704
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3885848
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3884917
crossref_primary_10_1093_rcfs_cfac029
crossref_primary_10_1093_rfs_hhab023
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4011877
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10551_022_05289_6
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4864154
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3954142
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3759761
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4645064
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40804_022_00260_4
crossref_primary_10_1093_rfs_hhab082
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4476123
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3672521
crossref_primary_10_1108_CFRI_04_2024_0191
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3204976
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4791617
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4757185
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3760753
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3463129
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4639165
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4691783
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3680815
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3214528
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4479486
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcorpfin_2023_102476
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4465647
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4519243
crossref_primary_10_1111_jofi_13289
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3719565
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4333509
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4133799
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3553258
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3733054
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4222402
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3866041
Cites_doi 10.1093/aler/ahq025
10.2307/2111445
10.1093/rfs/hhw070
10.1093/aler/ahn010
10.1093/rfs/hhg034
10.1111/jofi.12393
10.1086/256633
10.1093/rfs/hhs067
10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2011.04.002
10.1111/j.1540-6261.2009.01504.x
10.1111/1475-679X.12024
10.1093/oxfordjournals.pan.a029814
10.1016/j.jfineco.2010.03.014
10.1007/BF02296972
10.2307/3666173
10.1017/S0003055404001194
10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2011.06.008
10.1016/j.jfineco.2016.03.003
10.1086/682910
10.1177/002224377901600209
10.1093/rfs/hhu062
10.1017/S0022109012000014
10.1007/BF02293745
10.1111/j.1540-6261.1977.tb03278.x
10.1007/BF02310791
10.1016/j.jfineco.2005.04.003
10.1287/mnsc.2016.2652
10.1111/jofi.12425
10.2307/3087459
10.2307/440045
10.1111/ajps.12029
10.1111/jofi.12721
10.1016/S0304-405X(00)00058-1
10.2307/2111172
10.2307/1914186
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2020
Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Aug 2020
Copyright_xml – notice: 2020
– notice: Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Aug 2020
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
8BJ
FQK
JBE
DOI 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004
DatabaseName CrossRef
International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)
International Bibliography of the Social Sciences
International Bibliography of the Social Sciences
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)
DatabaseTitleList International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Economics
Business
EISSN 1879-2774
EndPage 352
ExternalDocumentID 10_1016_j_jfineco_2020_03_004
S0304405X20300635
GroupedDBID --K
--M
--Z
-~X
.L6
.~1
0R~
13V
186
1B1
1OL
1RT
1~.
1~5
29K
3R3
4.4
41~
457
4G.
5GY
5VS
63O
7-5
71M
8P~
96U
9JO
AABCJ
AABNK
AACTN
AAEDT
AAEDW
AAFFL
AAIAV
AAIKJ
AAKOC
AALRI
AAOAW
AAPFB
AAQFI
AAQXK
AAXUO
AAYOK
ABEHJ
ABFNM
ABFSI
ABJNI
ABKBG
ABLJU
ABMAC
ABMVD
ABPPZ
ABXDB
ABYKQ
ACDAQ
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACHQT
ACHRH
ACNCT
ACNTT
ACRLP
ACROA
ADBBV
ADEZE
ADFHU
ADIYS
ADMUD
AEBSH
AEKER
AETEA
AEYQN
AFAZI
AFDAS
AFFNX
AFKWA
AFODL
AFTJW
AGHFR
AGJBL
AGTHC
AGUBO
AGUMN
AGYEJ
AHHHB
AI.
AIEXJ
AIIAU
AIKHN
AITUG
AJBFU
AJOXV
AJWLA
ALEQD
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMFUW
AMRAJ
ASPBG
AVWKF
AXJTR
AXLSJ
AZFZN
BEHZQ
BEZPJ
BGSCR
BKOJK
BKOMP
BLXMC
BNSAS
BNTGB
BPUDD
BULVW
BZJEE
CS3
D-I
E.L
EBS
EFJIC
EFLBG
EJD
EO8
EO9
EP2
EP3
F5P
FDB
FEDTE
FGOYB
FIRID
FNPLU
FYGXN
G-2
G-Q
G8K
GBLVA
HMB
HVGLF
HZ~
H~9
IHE
IXIXF
J1W
K-O
KOM
LPU
LXN
LY5
M41
MO0
MS~
MVM
N9A
O-L
O9-
OAUVE
OHT
OZT
P-8
P-9
P2P
PC.
PQQKQ
Q38
R2-
RIG
ROL
RPZ
SDF
SDG
SDP
SEB
SEE
SES
SEW
SPCBC
SSB
SSF
SSL
SSZ
T5K
TAE
TN5
TWZ
U5U
UHB
UPT
UQL
VH1
VQP
WH7
WUQ
XFK
XSW
XYO
YCJ
YK3
YQT
ZCG
ZKB
ZRQ
~G-
0SF
AAXKI
AAYXX
ADVLN
AFJKZ
AKRWK
CITATION
8BJ
ADMHG
FQK
JBE
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c402t-30d8e46b456d67d086b0765c540f30b5dc46c0a83594f2a57fafbeab718ba54b3
IEDL.DBID .~1
ISSN 0304-405X
IngestDate Thu Oct 10 21:11:53 EDT 2024
Thu Sep 26 20:57:21 EDT 2024
Fri Feb 23 02:47:50 EST 2024
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 2
Keywords Proxy voting
G30
Ideology
G23
C80
Spatial model
Institutional investors
D72
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c402t-30d8e46b456d67d086b0765c540f30b5dc46c0a83594f2a57fafbeab718ba54b3
PQID 2441887678
PQPubID 45666
PageCount 33
ParticipantIDs proquest_journals_2441887678
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jfineco_2020_03_004
elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_jfineco_2020_03_004
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2020-08-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2020-08-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 08
  year: 2020
  text: 2020-08-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Amsterdam
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Amsterdam
PublicationTitle Journal of financial economics
PublicationYear 2020
Publisher Elsevier B.V
Elsevier Sequoia S.A
Publisher_xml – name: Elsevier B.V
– name: Elsevier Sequoia S.A
References Matvos, Ostrovsky (bib0042) 2010; 98
Grossman, Stiglitz (bib0029) 1977; 32
Bubb, Catan (bib0012) 2019
Chou, Ng, Wang (bib0018) 2011; 17
Clinton, Jackman, Rivers (bib0019) 2004; 98
Appel, Gormley, Keim (bib0001) 2016; 121
Kahan, Rock (bib0035) 2008; 96
Poole, Rosenthal (bib0054) 2007
McCarty, Poole, Rosenthal (bib0044) 1997
McFadden (bib0045) 1976; 5
Davis, Kim (bib0023) 2007; 85
Poole (bib0048) 2000; 8
Heckman, Snyder (bib0033) 1997; 28
Black (bib0009) 1948; 56
Duan, Jiao, Tam (bib0024) 2019
Bebchuk, Hirst (bib0006) 2019; 119
Ashraf, Jayaraman, Ryan (bib0004) 2012; 47
Morningstar. 2019. Passive fund providers take an active approach to investment stewardship.
Bethel, Gillan (bib0008) 2002; 31
Butler, Gurun (bib0013) 2012; 25
Carroll, Lewis, Lo, Poole, Rosenthal (bib0016) 2013; 57
Larcker, McCall, Ormazabal (bib0038) 2014; 58
Jiang, Li, Mei (bib0034) 2018; 73
Ertimur, Ferri, Oesch (bib0025) 2013; 51
Poole, Rosenthal (bib0051) 1987; 12
He, Li (bib0031) 2017
He, Huang, Zhao (bib0032) 2017
Cvijanovic, Dasgupta, Zachariadis (bib0022) 2016; 71
Kedia, Starks, Wang (bib0036) 2017
Arrow (bib0003) 1984; 1
Iliev, Lowry (bib0037) 2015; 28
Babenko, Choi, Sen (bib0005) 2019
Bechtel, O'Connor (bib0007) 1979; 16
Ferri (bib0026) 2012
Hartzell, Ofek, Yermack (bib0030) 2004; 17
Morgan, Poulsen, Wolf, Tian Yang (bib0046) 2011; 17
Bond, Fox (bib0010) 2007
Grossman, Hart (bib0028) 1979; 47
Accessed 8 May 2019.
Rasch (bib0055) 1961; 4
Young, de Leeuw, Takane (bib0057) 1976; 41
McCahery, Sautner, Starks (bib0043) 2016; 71
Malenko, Shen (bib0041) 2016; 29
Cai, Garner, Walkling (bib0014) 2009; 64
Gillan, Starks (bib0027) 2000; 57
Poole, Rosenthal (bib0052) 1991; 35
Takane, Young, de Leeuw (bib0056) 1977; 42
Poole, Rosenthal (bib0050) 1985; 29
Brav, Jiang, Li, Pinnington (bib0011) 2019
Carroll, Chang (bib0015) 1970; 35
Li (bib0039) 2018; 64
Converse (bib0020) 1964
Poole (bib0049) 2005
Listokin (bib0040) 2008; 10
Armstrong, Bakker, Carroll, Hare, Poole, Rosenthal (bib0002) 2014
Cremers, Romano (bib0021) 2011; 13
Chang, Carroll (bib0017) 1969
Poole, Rosenthal (bib0053) 1997
Jiang (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0034) 2018; 73
Poole (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0049) 2005
Duan (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0024) 2019
Larcker (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0038) 2014; 58
He (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0031) 2017
McCarty (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0044) 1997
Carroll (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0016) 2013; 57
Chang (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0017) 1969
Takane (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0056) 1977; 42
Davis (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0023) 2007; 85
Ashraf (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0004) 2012; 47
Butler (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0013) 2012; 25
Armstrong (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0002) 2014
Ertimur (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0025) 2013; 51
Brav (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0011) 2019
Grossman (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0029) 1977; 32
Poole (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0051) 1987; 12
He (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0032) 2017
Cai (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0014) 2009; 64
Heckman (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0033) 1997; 28
Cvijanovic (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0022) 2016; 71
Hartzell (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0030) 2004; 17
Bond (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0010) 2007
Ferri (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0026) 2012
10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0047
Grossman (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0028) 1979; 47
Poole (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0052) 1991; 35
Chou (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0018) 2011; 17
Rasch (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0055) 1961; 4
Poole (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0050) 1985; 29
Converse (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0020) 1964
Young (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0057) 1976; 41
Bubb (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0012) 2019
Malenko (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0041) 2016; 29
Kedia (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0036) 2017
McFadden (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0045) 1976; 5
Poole (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0048) 2000; 8
Poole (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0054) 2007
Black (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0009) 1948; 56
Carroll (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0015) 1970; 35
Cremers (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0021) 2011; 13
Bechtel (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0007) 1979; 16
Bethel (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0008) 2002; 31
Iliev (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0037) 2015; 28
Bebchuk (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0006) 2019; 119
Matvos (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0042) 2010; 98
Arrow (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0003) 1984; 1
McCahery (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0043) 2016; 71
Poole (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0053) 1997
Appel (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0001) 2016; 121
Clinton (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0019) 2004; 98
Gillan (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0027) 2000; 57
Babenko (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0005) 2019
Listokin (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0040) 2008; 10
Li (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0039) 2018; 64
Kahan (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0035) 2008; 96
Morgan (10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0046) 2011; 17
References_xml – year: 2014
  ident: bib0002
  article-title: Analyzing Spatial Models of Choice and Judgment with R
  contributor:
    fullname: Rosenthal
– volume: 8
  start-page: 211
  year: 2000
  end-page: 237
  ident: bib0048
  article-title: Non-parametric unfolding of binary choice data
  publication-title: Polit. Anal.
  contributor:
    fullname: Poole
– volume: 57
  start-page: 1008
  year: 2013
  end-page: 1028
  ident: bib0016
  article-title: The structure of utility in spatial models of voting
  publication-title: Am. J. Pol. Sci.
  contributor:
    fullname: Rosenthal
– year: 1969
  ident: bib0017
  article-title: How to use MDPREF, a computer program for multidimensional analysis of preference data
  publication-title: Multidimensional Scaling Program Package of Bell Laboratories
  contributor:
    fullname: Carroll
– volume: 17
  start-page: 37
  year: 2004
  end-page: 61
  ident: bib0030
  article-title: What's in it for me? CEOs whose firms are acquired
  publication-title: Rev. Financ. Stud.
  contributor:
    fullname: Yermack
– volume: 119
  start-page: 2029
  year: 2019
  end-page: 2145
  ident: bib0006
  article-title: Index funds and the future of corporate governance: theory, evidence, and policy
  publication-title: Colum. Law Rev.
  contributor:
    fullname: Hirst
– start-page: 192
  year: 2012
  end-page: 215
  ident: bib0026
  article-title: “Low-cost” shareholder activism: a review of the evidence
  publication-title: Research Handbook on the Economics of Corporate Law
  contributor:
    fullname: Ferri
– volume: 96
  start-page: 1227
  year: 2008
  end-page: 1281
  ident: bib0035
  article-title: The hanging chads of corporate voting
  publication-title: Georgetown Law J.
  contributor:
    fullname: Rock
– volume: 71
  start-page: 2905
  year: 2016
  end-page: 2932
  ident: bib0043
  article-title: Behind the scenes: the corporate governance preferences of institutional investors
  publication-title: J. Financ.
  contributor:
    fullname: Starks
– volume: 31
  start-page: 29
  year: 2002
  end-page: 54
  ident: bib0008
  article-title: The impact of the institutional and regulatory environment on shareholder voting
  publication-title: Financ. Manag.
  contributor:
    fullname: Gillan
– volume: 28
  start-page: 446
  year: 2015
  end-page: 485
  ident: bib0037
  article-title: Are mutual funds active voters?
  publication-title: Rev. Financ. Stud.
  contributor:
    fullname: Lowry
– volume: 16
  start-page: 247
  year: 1979
  end-page: 257
  ident: bib0007
  article-title: Testing micropreference structures
  publication-title: J. Mark. Res.
  contributor:
    fullname: O'Connor
– year: 2019
  ident: bib0012
  article-title: The Party Structure of Mutual Funds
  contributor:
    fullname: Catan
– volume: 42
  start-page: 7
  year: 1977
  end-page: 67
  ident: bib0056
  article-title: Nonmetric individual differences multidimensional scaling: an alternating least-squares method with optimal scaling features
  publication-title: Psychometrika
  contributor:
    fullname: de Leeuw
– year: 2019
  ident: bib0011
  article-title: Picking Friends Before Picking (proxy) fights: How Does Mutual Fund Voting Shape Proxy Contests
  contributor:
    fullname: Pinnington
– volume: 10
  start-page: 159
  year: 2008
  end-page: 184
  ident: bib0040
  article-title: Management always wins the close ones
  publication-title: Am. Law Econ. Rev.
  contributor:
    fullname: Listokin
– volume: 25
  start-page: 2533
  year: 2012
  end-page: 2562
  ident: bib0013
  article-title: Educational networks, mutual fund voting patterns, and CEO compensation
  publication-title: Rev. Financ. Stud.
  contributor:
    fullname: Gurun
– volume: 1
  year: 1984
  ident: bib0003
  publication-title: Collected Papers of Kenneth J. Arrow
  contributor:
    fullname: Arrow
– volume: 98
  start-page: 355
  year: 2004
  end-page: 370
  ident: bib0019
  article-title: The statistical analysis of roll call data: a unified approach
  publication-title: Am. Polit. Sci. Rev.
  contributor:
    fullname: Rivers
– year: 2017
  ident: bib0031
  article-title: The Benefits of Hedge Fund Activism
  contributor:
    fullname: Li
– volume: 28
  start-page: 142
  year: 1997
  end-page: 189
  ident: bib0033
  article-title: Linear probability models of the demand for attributes with an empirical application to estimating the preferences of legislators
  publication-title: RAND J. Econ.
  contributor:
    fullname: Snyder
– volume: 35
  start-page: 228
  year: 1991
  end-page: 278
  ident: bib0052
  article-title: Patterns of congressional voting
  publication-title: Am. J. Pol. Sci.
  contributor:
    fullname: Rosenthal
– year: 1997
  ident: bib0053
  article-title: Congress: A Political-Economic History of Roll Call Voting
  contributor:
    fullname: Rosenthal
– volume: 35
  start-page: 283
  year: 1970
  end-page: 320
  ident: bib0015
  article-title: Analysis of individual differences in multidimensional scaling via an n-way generalization of “Eckart-Young” decomposition
  publication-title: Psychometrika
  contributor:
    fullname: Chang
– volume: 51
  start-page: 951
  year: 2013
  end-page: 996
  ident: bib0025
  article-title: Shareholder votes and proxy advisors: evidence from say on pay
  publication-title: J. Account. Res.
  contributor:
    fullname: Oesch
– volume: 71
  start-page: 2933
  year: 2016
  end-page: 2966
  ident: bib0022
  article-title: Ties that bind: how business connections affect mutual fund activism
  publication-title: J. Financ.
  contributor:
    fullname: Zachariadis
– year: 1997
  ident: bib0044
  article-title: Income Redistribution and the Realignment of American Politics
  contributor:
    fullname: Rosenthal
– volume: 17
  start-page: 914
  year: 2011
  end-page: 928
  ident: bib0046
  article-title: Mutual funds as monitors: evidence from mutual fund voting
  publication-title: J. Corp. Financ.
  contributor:
    fullname: Tian Yang
– volume: 12
  start-page: 55
  year: 1987
  end-page: 75
  ident: bib0051
  article-title: Analysis of congressional coalition patterns: a unidimensional spatial model
  publication-title: Legis. Stud. Q.
  contributor:
    fullname: Rosenthal
– volume: 57
  start-page: 275
  year: 2000
  end-page: 305
  ident: bib0027
  article-title: Corporate governance proposals and shareholder activism: the role of institutional investors
  publication-title: J. Financ. Econ.
  contributor:
    fullname: Starks
– volume: 47
  start-page: 567
  year: 2012
  end-page: 588
  ident: bib0004
  article-title: Do pension-related business ties influence mutual fund proxy voting? Evidence from shareholder proposals on executive compensation
  publication-title: J. Financ. Quant. Anal.
  contributor:
    fullname: Ryan
– year: 2019
  ident: bib0024
  article-title: Conflict of Interest and Proxy Voting By Institutional Investors
  contributor:
    fullname: Tam
– year: 2017
  ident: bib0036
  article-title: Institutional Investors and Hedge Fund Activism
  contributor:
    fullname: Wang
– volume: 58
  start-page: 173
  year: 2014
  end-page: 204
  ident: bib0038
  article-title: Outsourcing shareholder voting to proxy advisory firms
  publication-title: J. Law Econ.
  contributor:
    fullname: Ormazabal
– volume: 29
  start-page: 357
  year: 1985
  end-page: 384
  ident: bib0050
  article-title: A spatial model for legislative roll call analysis
  publication-title: Am. J. Pol. Sci.
  contributor:
    fullname: Rosenthal
– volume: 121
  start-page: 111
  year: 2016
  end-page: 141
  ident: bib0001
  article-title: Passive investors, not passive owners
  publication-title: J. Financ. Econ.
  contributor:
    fullname: Keim
– volume: 73
  start-page: 2635
  year: 2018
  end-page: 2675
  ident: bib0034
  article-title: Influencing control: jawboning in risk arbitrage
  publication-title: J. Financ.
  contributor:
    fullname: Mei
– volume: 85
  start-page: 552
  year: 2007
  end-page: 570
  ident: bib0023
  article-title: Business ties and proxy voting by mutual funds
  publication-title: J. Financ. Econ.
  contributor:
    fullname: Kim
– year: 2017
  ident: bib0032
  article-title: Internalizing Governance Externalities: the Role of Institutional Cross-Ownership
  contributor:
    fullname: Zhao
– volume: 47
  start-page: 293
  year: 1979
  end-page: 329
  ident: bib0028
  article-title: A theory of competitive equilibrium in stock market economies
  publication-title: Econometrica
  contributor:
    fullname: Hart
– year: 2005
  ident: bib0049
  article-title: Spatial Models of Parliamentary Voting
  contributor:
    fullname: Poole
– volume: 98
  start-page: 90
  year: 2010
  end-page: 112
  ident: bib0042
  article-title: Heterogeneity and peer effects in mutual fund proxy voting
  publication-title: J. Financ. Econ.
  contributor:
    fullname: Ostrovsky
– volume: 64
  start-page: 2389
  year: 2009
  end-page: 2421
  ident: bib0014
  article-title: Electing directors
  publication-title: J. Financ.
  contributor:
    fullname: Walkling
– year: 2007
  ident: bib0010
  article-title: Applying the Rasch Model: Fundamental Measurement in the Human Sciences
  contributor:
    fullname: Fox
– year: 2019
  ident: bib0005
  article-title: Management (of) proposals
  contributor:
    fullname: Sen
– volume: 4
  start-page: 321
  year: 1961
  end-page: 333
  ident: bib0055
  article-title: On general laws and the meaning of measurement in psychology
  publication-title: Proceedings of the IV Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability
  contributor:
    fullname: Rasch
– volume: 13
  start-page: 220
  year: 2011
  end-page: 268
  ident: bib0021
  article-title: Institutional investors and proxy voting on compensation plans: the impact of the 2003 mutual fund voting disclosure rule
  publication-title: Am. Law Econ. Rev.
  contributor:
    fullname: Romano
– year: 1964
  ident: bib0020
  article-title: The nature of belief systems in mass publics
  publication-title: Ideology and Discontent
  contributor:
    fullname: Converse
– volume: 64
  start-page: 2473
  year: 2018
  end-page: 2972
  ident: bib0039
  article-title: Outsourcing corporate governance: conflicts of interest within the proxy advisory industry
  publication-title: Manag. Sci.
  contributor:
    fullname: Li
– volume: 17
  start-page: 1254
  year: 2011
  end-page: 1271
  ident: bib0018
  article-title: Are better governed funds better monitors?
  publication-title: J. Corp. Financ.
  contributor:
    fullname: Wang
– year: 2007
  ident: bib0054
  article-title: Ideology and Congress
  contributor:
    fullname: Rosenthal
– volume: 56
  start-page: 23
  year: 1948
  end-page: 34
  ident: bib0009
  article-title: On the rationale of group decision-making
  publication-title: J. Polit. Econ.
  contributor:
    fullname: Black
– volume: 32
  start-page: 389
  year: 1977
  end-page: 402
  ident: bib0029
  article-title: On value maximization and alternative objectives of the firm
  publication-title: J. Financ.
  contributor:
    fullname: Stiglitz
– volume: 29
  start-page: 3394
  year: 2016
  end-page: 3427
  ident: bib0041
  article-title: The role of proxy advisory firms: evidence from a regression-discontinuity design
  publication-title: Rev. Financ. Stud.
  contributor:
    fullname: Shen
– volume: 41
  start-page: 505
  year: 1976
  end-page: 529
  ident: bib0057
  article-title: Regression with quantitative and qualitative variables: an alternating least squares method with optimal scaling features
  publication-title: Psychometrika
  contributor:
    fullname: Takane
– volume: 5
  start-page: 363
  year: 1976
  end-page: 390
  ident: bib0045
  article-title: Quantal choice analysis: a survey
  publication-title: Ann. Econ. Soc. Meas.
  contributor:
    fullname: McFadden
– volume: 4
  start-page: 321
  year: 1961
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0055
  article-title: On general laws and the meaning of measurement in psychology
  contributor:
    fullname: Rasch
– year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0032
  contributor:
    fullname: He
– volume: 13
  start-page: 220
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0021
  article-title: Institutional investors and proxy voting on compensation plans: the impact of the 2003 mutual fund voting disclosure rule
  publication-title: Am. Law Econ. Rev.
  doi: 10.1093/aler/ahq025
  contributor:
    fullname: Cremers
– volume: 35
  start-page: 228
  year: 1991
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0052
  article-title: Patterns of congressional voting
  publication-title: Am. J. Pol. Sci.
  doi: 10.2307/2111445
  contributor:
    fullname: Poole
– volume: 29
  start-page: 3394
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0041
  article-title: The role of proxy advisory firms: evidence from a regression-discontinuity design
  publication-title: Rev. Financ. Stud.
  doi: 10.1093/rfs/hhw070
  contributor:
    fullname: Malenko
– year: 1997
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0044
  contributor:
    fullname: McCarty
– year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0024
  contributor:
    fullname: Duan
– year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0036
  contributor:
    fullname: Kedia
– volume: 10
  start-page: 159
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0040
  article-title: Management always wins the close ones
  publication-title: Am. Law Econ. Rev.
  doi: 10.1093/aler/ahn010
  contributor:
    fullname: Listokin
– start-page: 192
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0026
  article-title: “Low-cost” shareholder activism: a review of the evidence
  contributor:
    fullname: Ferri
– year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0049
  contributor:
    fullname: Poole
– year: 2007
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0054
  contributor:
    fullname: Poole
– volume: 17
  start-page: 37
  year: 2004
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0030
  article-title: What's in it for me? CEOs whose firms are acquired
  publication-title: Rev. Financ. Stud.
  doi: 10.1093/rfs/hhg034
  contributor:
    fullname: Hartzell
– volume: 71
  start-page: 2905
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0043
  article-title: Behind the scenes: the corporate governance preferences of institutional investors
  publication-title: J. Financ.
  doi: 10.1111/jofi.12393
  contributor:
    fullname: McCahery
– volume: 56
  start-page: 23
  year: 1948
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0009
  article-title: On the rationale of group decision-making
  publication-title: J. Polit. Econ.
  doi: 10.1086/256633
  contributor:
    fullname: Black
– year: 1997
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0053
  contributor:
    fullname: Poole
– volume: 96
  start-page: 1227
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0035
  article-title: The hanging chads of corporate voting
  publication-title: Georgetown Law J.
  contributor:
    fullname: Kahan
– volume: 119
  start-page: 2029
  issue: 8
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0006
  article-title: Index funds and the future of corporate governance: theory, evidence, and policy
  publication-title: Colum. Law Rev.
  contributor:
    fullname: Bebchuk
– volume: 25
  start-page: 2533
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0013
  article-title: Educational networks, mutual fund voting patterns, and CEO compensation
  publication-title: Rev. Financ. Stud.
  doi: 10.1093/rfs/hhs067
  contributor:
    fullname: Butler
– year: 1969
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0017
  article-title: How to use MDPREF, a computer program for multidimensional analysis of preference data
  contributor:
    fullname: Chang
– volume: 17
  start-page: 914
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0046
  article-title: Mutual funds as monitors: evidence from mutual fund voting
  publication-title: J. Corp. Financ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2011.04.002
  contributor:
    fullname: Morgan
– volume: 64
  start-page: 2389
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0014
  article-title: Electing directors
  publication-title: J. Financ.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.2009.01504.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Cai
– volume: 51
  start-page: 951
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0025
  article-title: Shareholder votes and proxy advisors: evidence from say on pay
  publication-title: J. Account. Res.
  doi: 10.1111/1475-679X.12024
  contributor:
    fullname: Ertimur
– volume: 8
  start-page: 211
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0048
  article-title: Non-parametric unfolding of binary choice data
  publication-title: Polit. Anal.
  doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pan.a029814
  contributor:
    fullname: Poole
– year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0005
  contributor:
    fullname: Babenko
– volume: 98
  start-page: 90
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0042
  article-title: Heterogeneity and peer effects in mutual fund proxy voting
  publication-title: J. Financ. Econ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2010.03.014
  contributor:
    fullname: Matvos
– volume: 41
  start-page: 505
  year: 1976
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0057
  article-title: Regression with quantitative and qualitative variables: an alternating least squares method with optimal scaling features
  publication-title: Psychometrika
  doi: 10.1007/BF02296972
  contributor:
    fullname: Young
– volume: 31
  start-page: 29
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0008
  article-title: The impact of the institutional and regulatory environment on shareholder voting
  publication-title: Financ. Manag.
  doi: 10.2307/3666173
  contributor:
    fullname: Bethel
– volume: 98
  start-page: 355
  year: 2004
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0019
  article-title: The statistical analysis of roll call data: a unified approach
  publication-title: Am. Polit. Sci. Rev.
  doi: 10.1017/S0003055404001194
  contributor:
    fullname: Clinton
– volume: 17
  start-page: 1254
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0018
  article-title: Are better governed funds better monitors?
  publication-title: J. Corp. Financ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2011.06.008
  contributor:
    fullname: Chou
– volume: 121
  start-page: 111
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0001
  article-title: Passive investors, not passive owners
  publication-title: J. Financ. Econ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2016.03.003
  contributor:
    fullname: Appel
– volume: 58
  start-page: 173
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0038
  article-title: Outsourcing shareholder voting to proxy advisory firms
  publication-title: J. Law Econ.
  doi: 10.1086/682910
  contributor:
    fullname: Larcker
– ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0047
– year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0002
  contributor:
    fullname: Armstrong
– volume: 16
  start-page: 247
  year: 1979
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0007
  article-title: Testing micropreference structures
  publication-title: J. Mark. Res.
  doi: 10.1177/002224377901600209
  contributor:
    fullname: Bechtel
– volume: 28
  start-page: 446
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0037
  article-title: Are mutual funds active voters?
  publication-title: Rev. Financ. Stud.
  doi: 10.1093/rfs/hhu062
  contributor:
    fullname: Iliev
– volume: 47
  start-page: 567
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0004
  article-title: Do pension-related business ties influence mutual fund proxy voting? Evidence from shareholder proposals on executive compensation
  publication-title: J. Financ. Quant. Anal.
  doi: 10.1017/S0022109012000014
  contributor:
    fullname: Ashraf
– volume: 42
  start-page: 7
  year: 1977
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0056
  article-title: Nonmetric individual differences multidimensional scaling: an alternating least-squares method with optimal scaling features
  publication-title: Psychometrika
  doi: 10.1007/BF02293745
  contributor:
    fullname: Takane
– volume: 32
  start-page: 389
  year: 1977
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0029
  article-title: On value maximization and alternative objectives of the firm
  publication-title: J. Financ.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1977.tb03278.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Grossman
– volume: 35
  start-page: 283
  year: 1970
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0015
  article-title: Analysis of individual differences in multidimensional scaling via an n-way generalization of “Eckart-Young” decomposition
  publication-title: Psychometrika
  doi: 10.1007/BF02310791
  contributor:
    fullname: Carroll
– volume: 5
  start-page: 363
  year: 1976
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0045
  article-title: Quantal choice analysis: a survey
  publication-title: Ann. Econ. Soc. Meas.
  contributor:
    fullname: McFadden
– volume: 85
  start-page: 552
  year: 2007
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0023
  article-title: Business ties and proxy voting by mutual funds
  publication-title: J. Financ. Econ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2005.04.003
  contributor:
    fullname: Davis
– volume: 64
  start-page: 2473
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0039
  article-title: Outsourcing corporate governance: conflicts of interest within the proxy advisory industry
  publication-title: Manag. Sci.
  doi: 10.1287/mnsc.2016.2652
  contributor:
    fullname: Li
– volume: 71
  start-page: 2933
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0022
  article-title: Ties that bind: how business connections affect mutual fund activism
  publication-title: J. Financ.
  doi: 10.1111/jofi.12425
  contributor:
    fullname: Cvijanovic
– volume: 28
  start-page: 142
  year: 1997
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0033
  article-title: Linear probability models of the demand for attributes with an empirical application to estimating the preferences of legislators
  publication-title: RAND J. Econ.
  doi: 10.2307/3087459
  contributor:
    fullname: Heckman
– year: 1964
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0020
  article-title: The nature of belief systems in mass publics
  contributor:
    fullname: Converse
– volume: 12
  start-page: 55
  year: 1987
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0051
  article-title: Analysis of congressional coalition patterns: a unidimensional spatial model
  publication-title: Legis. Stud. Q.
  doi: 10.2307/440045
  contributor:
    fullname: Poole
– volume: 57
  start-page: 1008
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0016
  article-title: The structure of utility in spatial models of voting
  publication-title: Am. J. Pol. Sci.
  doi: 10.1111/ajps.12029
  contributor:
    fullname: Carroll
– volume: 73
  start-page: 2635
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0034
  article-title: Influencing control: jawboning in risk arbitrage
  publication-title: J. Financ.
  doi: 10.1111/jofi.12721
  contributor:
    fullname: Jiang
– volume: 1
  year: 1984
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0003
  contributor:
    fullname: Arrow
– year: 2007
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0010
  contributor:
    fullname: Bond
– year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0012
  contributor:
    fullname: Bubb
– volume: 57
  start-page: 275
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0027
  article-title: Corporate governance proposals and shareholder activism: the role of institutional investors
  publication-title: J. Financ. Econ.
  doi: 10.1016/S0304-405X(00)00058-1
  contributor:
    fullname: Gillan
– volume: 29
  start-page: 357
  year: 1985
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0050
  article-title: A spatial model for legislative roll call analysis
  publication-title: Am. J. Pol. Sci.
  doi: 10.2307/2111172
  contributor:
    fullname: Poole
– volume: 47
  start-page: 293
  year: 1979
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0028
  article-title: A theory of competitive equilibrium in stock market economies
  publication-title: Econometrica
  doi: 10.2307/1914186
  contributor:
    fullname: Grossman
– year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0031
  contributor:
    fullname: He
– year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004_bib0011
  contributor:
    fullname: Brav
SSID ssj0000759
Score 2.551109
Snippet We estimate institutional investor preferences from proxy voting records. The W-NOMINATE method maps investors onto a left-right dimension based on votes for...
SourceID proquest
crossref
elsevier
SourceType Aggregation Database
Publisher
StartPage 320
SubjectTerms Advisors
Compensation
Executive compensation
Governance
Ideology
Institutional investments
Institutional investors
Investors
Money
Mutual funds
Pension funds
Preferences
Proxies
Proxy voting
Spatial model
Voting
Title Investor ideology
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.004
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2441887678
Volume 137
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1NS8NAEB1KBfUitSpWa-nB6zabZLNJjqVYqkIvWuht2Y8stIe29OPgxd_ubLKhKIjgLQlJSF42771hZ2YBHlXuGvvwiEiVG8IyboiSOiQoDiHTOs4zXSbITvlkxl7mybwBo7oWxqVVeu6vOL1ka38k8GgGm8UieHOTemg35hFuoNC6QnOG8odjevB5TPNAScyrmQRG3NnHKp5gOVhatHLa1QBGtOp1yn7Tpx9MXcrPuAUX3jf2h9WjXUKjWLXhtE5bb8NZXWG8u4JW1Txjve0vTLlw78c1zMZP76MJ8UsfEI0B3Z7E1GQF4wrtjeGpwbhD0ZQnGv2VjalKjGZcU4n2KWc2kklqpVWFVKg0SiZMxTfQXK1XxS30aWjyTHKLgYZmYcQlc1EEUzZPpY1Y0oFB_cJiU3W4EHXq11J4hIRDSNBYIEIdyGpYxLdPJZCF_7q0W8Mo_L-yE2gwQqQ6VM27_9_5Hs7dXpWa14XmfnsoHtAu7FWvHA89OBk-v06mXxlQvCs
link.rule.ids 315,783,787,4509,24128,27936,27937,45597,45691
linkProvider Elsevier
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1LT8JAEJ4gJOLFIGpEUTl4XfrabtujIZIiyEVIuG320SZwAAJ48N87225DNDEm3pq223Sn3e_7JjsPgCeZmMI-zCdCJprQmGkihfIIkoNHlQqSWBUBslOWzunrIlzUYFDlwpiwSov9JaYXaG3PONaazna5dN7Nph7KjYWPB0i04Qk0UA0kuDobz6NxOj0CclT0TDP3EzPgmMjjrPqrHNWcMmmAvluWO6W_UdQPsC4YaNiCcysde8_l211ALVu34bSKXG9Ds0oy3l9Cq6yfsdn1lrro3ft5BfPhy2yQEtv9gCj06Q4kcHWcUSZxTppFGl0P6UYsVCix8sCVoVaUKVeggkpo7oswykUuMyGRbKQIqQyuob7erLMb6LmeTmLBcvQ1FPV8JqhxJKjMk0jkPg070K8mzLdlkQteRX-tuLUQNxbibsDRQh2IK7Pwb1-LIxD_NbRbmZHb5bLnqDE8RDskztv_P_kRmunsbcIno-n4Ds7MlTJSrwv1w-4ju0f1cJAP9u_4ArMpvt8
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Investor+ideology&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+financial+economics&rft.au=Bolton%2C+Patrick&rft.au=Li%2C+Tao&rft.au=Ravina%2C+Enrichetta&rft.au=Rosenthal%2C+Howard&rft.date=2020-08-01&rft.pub=Elsevier+B.V&rft.issn=0304-405X&rft.eissn=1879-2774&rft.volume=137&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=320&rft.epage=352&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jfineco.2020.03.004&rft.externalDocID=S0304405X20300635
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0304-405X&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0304-405X&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0304-405X&client=summon