Optimal protection against Salmonella infection requires noncirculating memory
While CD4 Th1 cells are required for resistance to intramacrophage infections, adoptive transfer of Th1 cells is insufficient to protect against Salmonella infection. Using an epitope-tagged vaccine strain of Salmonella, we found that effective protection correlated with expanded Salmonella-specific...
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Published in | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 115; no. 41; pp. 10416 - 10421 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
National Academy of Sciences
09.10.2018
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Abstract | While CD4 Th1 cells are required for resistance to intramacrophage infections, adoptive transfer of Th1 cells is insufficient to protect against Salmonella infection. Using an epitope-tagged vaccine strain of Salmonella, we found that effective protection correlated with expanded Salmonella-specific memory CD4 T cells in circulation and nonlymphoid tissues. However, naive mice that previously shared a blood supply with vaccinated partners lacked T cell memory with characteristics of tissue residence and did not acquire robust protective immunity. Using a YFP–IFN-γ reporter system, we identified Th1 cells in the liver of immunized mice that displayed markers of tissue residence, including P2X7, ARTC2, LFA-1, and CD101. Adoptive transfer of liver memory cells after ARTC2 blockade increased protection against highly virulent bacteria. Taken together, these data demonstrate that noncirculating memory Th1 cells are a vital component of immunity to Salmonella infection and should be the focus of vaccine strategies. |
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AbstractList | Effective vaccination against
Salmonella
infection requires the generation of memory T cells that can be reactivated upon exposure to bacteria in a natural setting. It is unclear whether immunity requires memory T cells that continuously patrol blood, lymphatics, and tissues, whether noncirculating T cells are important, or both. We demonstrate the generation of circulating and noncirculating memory pools after immunization. However, naive mice that previously shared a blood supply with vaccinated partners received recirculating memory T cells, but did not have T cell memory with characteristics of tissue residence, resulting in a failure to acquire robust protective immunity. Thus, noncirculating tissue-resident memory T cells are vital for effective protection against
Salmonella
.
While CD4 Th1 cells are required for resistance to intramacrophage infections, adoptive transfer of Th1 cells is insufficient to protect against
Salmonella
infection. Using an epitope-tagged vaccine strain of
Salmonella
, we found that effective protection correlated with expanded
Salmonella
-specific memory CD4 T cells in circulation and nonlymphoid tissues. However, naive mice that previously shared a blood supply with vaccinated partners lacked T cell memory with characteristics of tissue residence and did not acquire robust protective immunity. Using a YFP–IFN-γ reporter system, we identified Th1 cells in the liver of immunized mice that displayed markers of tissue residence, including P2X7, ARTC2, LFA-1, and CD101. Adoptive transfer of liver memory cells after ARTC2 blockade increased protection against highly virulent bacteria. Taken together, these data demonstrate that noncirculating memory Th1 cells are a vital component of immunity to
Salmonella
infection and should be the focus of vaccine strategies. While CD4 Th1 cells are required for resistance to intramacrophage infections, adoptive transfer of Th1 cells is insufficient to protect against Salmonella infection. Using an epitope-tagged vaccine strain of Salmonella, we found that effective protection correlated with expanded Salmonella-specific memory CD4 T cells in circulation and nonlymphoid tissues. However, naive mice that previously shared a blood supply with vaccinated partners lacked T cell memory with characteristics of tissue residence and did not acquire robust protective immunity. Using a YFP–IFN-γ reporter system, we identified Th1 cells in the liver of immunized mice that displayed markers of tissue residence, including P2X7, ARTC2, LFA-1, and CD101. Adoptive transfer of liver memory cells after ARTC2 blockade increased protection against highly virulent bacteria. Taken together, these data demonstrate that noncirculating memory Th1 cells are a vital component of immunity to Salmonella infection and should be the focus of vaccine strategies. While CD4 Th1 cells are required for resistance to intramacrophage infections, adoptive transfer of Th1 cells is insufficient to protect against infection. Using an epitope-tagged vaccine strain of , we found that effective protection correlated with expanded -specific memory CD4 T cells in circulation and nonlymphoid tissues. However, naive mice that previously shared a blood supply with vaccinated partners lacked T cell memory with characteristics of tissue residence and did not acquire robust protective immunity. Using a YFP-IFN-γ reporter system, we identified Th1 cells in the liver of immunized mice that displayed markers of tissue residence, including P2X7, ARTC2, LFA-1, and CD101. Adoptive transfer of liver memory cells after ARTC2 blockade increased protection against highly virulent bacteria. Taken together, these data demonstrate that noncirculating memory Th1 cells are a vital component of immunity to infection and should be the focus of vaccine strategies. Significance Effective vaccination against Salmonella infection requires the generation of memory T cells that can be reactivated upon exposure to bacteria in a natural setting. It is unclear whether immunity requires memory T cells that continuously patrol blood, lymphatics, and tissues, whether noncirculating T cells are important, or both. We demonstrate the generation of circulating and noncirculating memory pools after immunization. However, naive mice that previously shared a blood supply with vaccinated partners received recirculating memory T cells, but did not have T cell memory with characteristics of tissue residence, resulting in a failure to acquire robust protective immunity. Thus, noncirculating tissue-resident memory T cells are vital for effective protection against Salmonella . While CD4 Th1 cells are required for resistance to intramacrophage infections, adoptive transfer of Th1 cells is insufficient to protect against Salmonella infection. Using an epitope-tagged vaccine strain of Salmonella , we found that effective protection correlated with expanded Salmonella -specific memory CD4 T cells in circulation and nonlymphoid tissues. However, naive mice that previously shared a blood supply with vaccinated partners lacked T cell memory with characteristics of tissue residence and did not acquire robust protective immunity. Using a YFP–IFN-γ reporter system, we identified Th1 cells in the liver of immunized mice that displayed markers of tissue residence, including P2X7, ARTC2, LFA-1, and CD101. Adoptive transfer of liver memory cells after ARTC2 blockade increased protection against highly virulent bacteria. Taken together, these data demonstrate that noncirculating memory Th1 cells are a vital component of immunity to Salmonella infection and should be the focus of vaccine strategies. |
Author | Pham, Oanh H. McSorley, Stephen J. Pham, Quynh-Mai Benoun, Joseph M. Peres, Newton G. Wang, Nancy Rudisill, Victoria L. Bedoui, Sammy Whitney, Paul G. Fernandez-Ruiz, Daniel Strugnell, Richard A. Fogassy, Zachary N. Puddington, Lynn Gebhardt, Thomas |
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Keywords | Salmonella infection CD4 T cell vaccines tissue-resident memory protective immunity |
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Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 1J.M.B., N.G.P., N.W., S.B., R.A.S., and S.J.M. contributed equally to this work. Edited by Harvey Cantor, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, and approved August 27, 2018 (received for review May 15, 2018) Author contributions: J.M.B., N.G.P., N.W., T.G., L.P., S.B., R.A.S., and S.J.M. designed research; J.M.B., N.G.P., N.W., O.H.P., V.L.R., Z.N.F., P.G.W., D.F.-R., Q.-M.P., L.P., and S.J.M. performed research; J.M.B., N.G.P., N.W., O.H.P., V.L.R., Z.N.F., P.G.W., D.F.-R., T.G., Q.-M.P., L.P., S.B., R.A.S., and S.J.M. analyzed data; and J.M.B., N.G.P., N.W., S.B., R.A.S., and S.J.M. wrote the paper. |
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Snippet | While CD4 Th1 cells are required for resistance to intramacrophage infections, adoptive transfer of Th1 cells is insufficient to protect against Salmonella... While CD4 Th1 cells are required for resistance to intramacrophage infections, adoptive transfer of Th1 cells is insufficient to protect against infection.... Significance Effective vaccination against Salmonella infection requires the generation of memory T cells that can be reactivated upon exposure to bacteria in... Effective vaccination against Salmonella infection requires the generation of memory T cells that can be reactivated upon exposure to bacteria in a natural... |
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SubjectTerms | Adoptive transfer Animal tissues Animals Bacteria Biological Sciences Blood circulation CD4 antigen Cells Cells, Cultured Computer memory Epitopes Female Hepatocytes Immunity Immunization Immunologic Memory - immunology Immunological memory Infections LFA-1 antigen Liver Liver - immunology Liver - microbiology Lymphocytes Lymphocytes T Memory Memory cells Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Salmonella Salmonella Infections - immunology Salmonella Infections - microbiology Salmonella Infections - prevention & control Salmonella typhimurium - immunology Studies T-Lymphocytes - immunology T-Lymphocytes - microbiology Th1 Cells - immunology Th1 Cells - microbiology Vaccines γ-Interferon |
Title | Optimal protection against Salmonella infection requires noncirculating memory |
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