The epidemic status and risk factors of lung cancer in Xuanwei City, Yunnan Province, China

• Published in: Frontiers of medicine Vol. 6; no. 4; pp. 388 - 394
• Main Authors: Xiao, Yize, Shao, Ying, Yu, Xianjun, Zhou, Guangbiao
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Heidelberg Higher Education Press 01.12.2012; SP Higher Education Press; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Air Pollution, Indoor - adverse effects; China; Cluster Analysis; Coal; Coal - adverse effects; Cooking - methods; Environmental Exposure - adverse effects; epidemiology; Female; Health risk assessment; Heating - adverse effects; Heating - methods; Humans; Incidence; Indoor air quality; Lung cancer; Lung Neoplasms - epidemiology; Lung Neoplasms - etiology; Lung Neoplasms - genetics; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Prevalence; Review; Risk Factors; Sex Distribution; Smoke - adverse effects; smoky coal combustion; Xuanwei; China; lung cancer; smoky coal combustion; epidemiology; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Xuanwei
• ISSN: 2095-0217; 2095-0225
• DOI: 10.1007/s11684-012-0233-3

Xuanwei City (formerly known as Xuanwei County) locates in the northeastern of Yunnan Province and is rich in coal, iron, copper and other mines, especially the smoky (bituminous) coal. Unfortunately, the lung cancer morbidity and mortality rates in this region are among China's highest, with a clear upward trend from the mid-1970s to mid-2000s. In 2004-2005, the crude death rate of lung cancer was 91.3 per 100 000 in the whole Xuanwei City, while that for Laibin Town in this city was 241.14 per 100 000. The epidemiologic distribution (clustering patterns by population, time, and space) of lung cancer in Xuanwei has some special features, e.g., high incidence in rural areas, high incidence in females, and an early age peak in lung cancer deaths. The main factor that associates with a high rate of lung cancer incidence was found to be indoor air pollution caused by the indoor burning of smoky coal. To a certain extent, genetic defects are also associated with the high incidence of lung cancer in Xuanwei. Taken together, lung cancer in this smoky coal combustion region is a unique model for environmental factor-related human cancer, and the current studies indicate that abandoning the use of smoky coal is the key to diminish lung cancer morbidity and mortality.