Fungi, host immune response, and tumorigenesis

Advances in -omics analyses have tremendously enhanced our understanding of the role of the microbiome in human health and disease. Most research is focused on the bacteriome, but scientists have now realized the significance of the virome and microbial dysbiosis as well, particularly in noninfectio...

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Published inAmerican journal of physiology: Gastrointestinal and liver physiology Vol. 321; no. 2; pp. G213 - G222
Main Authors Elaskandrany, Miar, Patel, Rohin, Patel, Mintoo, Miller, George, Saxena, Deepak, Saxena, Anjana
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Bethesda American Physiological Society 01.08.2021
SeriesMicrobiome-Based Therapeutics and Their Physiological Effects
Subjects
Adenocarcinoma
Cancer therapies
Complement component C3
Dysbacteriosis
Immune response
Immunotherapy
Mannose
Mannose-binding lectin
Microbiomes
Mini-Review
Scalp
Stroma
Tumor microenvironment
Tumorigenesis
Tumors
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Summary:Advances in -omics analyses have tremendously enhanced our understanding of the role of the microbiome in human health and disease. Most research is focused on the bacteriome, but scientists have now realized the significance of the virome and microbial dysbiosis as well, particularly in noninfectious diseases such as cancer. In this review, we summarize the role of mycobiome in tumorigenesis, with a dismal prognosis, and attention to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We also discuss bacterial and mycobial interactions to the host’s immune response that is prevalently responsible for resistance to cancer therapy, including immunotherapy. We reported that the Malassezia species associated with scalp and skin infections, colonize in human PDAC tumors and accelerate tumorigenesis via activating the C3 complement-mannose-binding lectin (MBL) pathway. PDAC tumors thrive in an immunosuppressive microenvironment with desmoplastic stroma and a dysbiotic microbiome. Host-microbiome interactions in the tumor milieu pose a significant threat in driving the indolent immune behavior of the tumor. Microbial intervention in multimodal cancer therapy is a promising novel approach to modify an immunotolerant (“cold”) tumor microenvironment to an immunocompetent (“hot”) milieu that is effective in eliminating tumorigenesis.
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M. Elaskandrany and R. Patel contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:0193-1857
1522-1547
1522-1547
DOI:10.1152/ajpgi.00025.2021