Distinct responses of tropical cyclone activity to spatio-uniform and nonuniform SST warming patterns

• Published in: Environmental research letters Vol. 19; no. 6; pp. 64020 - 64027
• Main Authors: Xu, Mingrui, Zhan, Ruifen, Zhao, Jiuwei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bristol IOP Publishing 01.06.2024
• Subjects: Anthropogenic factors; Cyclones; El Nino; genesis frequency; global warming; Human influences; Nonlinear systems; Sea surface temperature; Spatial distribution; SST warming patterns; tropical cyclone; Tropical cyclones
• ISSN: 1748-9326; 1748-9326
• DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ad4976

Abstract Most previous studies have reported a decrease in global tropical cyclone (TC) genesis frequency (TCGF) under anthropogenic warming. However, little attention has been drawn to the influence of sea surface temperature (SST) warming patterns on TCGF changes. Here, we investigate the impacts of three distinct SST warming patterns on global TCGF: uniform SST warming, nonuniform (El Niño-like) SST warming, and a combination of both. Results show that spatio-uniform SST warming has a limited impact on global TCGF, instead redistributing the TC genesis locations. Conversely, nonuniform SST warming significantly suppresses global TCGF. The combined warming produces a similar decrease in TCGF to nonuniform warming albeit with differences in spatial distribution. This indicates the dominant role of nonuniform SST warming in affecting TCGF and highlights the nonlinearity of the process. Further analysis shows that these differences in TCGF primarily stem from the distinct responses of tropical circulations to the three warming patterns.