Palm and partially hydrogenated soybean oils adversely alter lipoprotein profiles compared with soybean and canola oils in moderately hyperlipidemic subjects

• Published in: The American journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 84; no. 1; pp. 54 - 62
• Main Authors: Vega-López, Sonia, Ausman, Lynne M, Jalbert, Susan M, Erkkilä, Arja T, Lichtenstein, Alice H
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bethesda, MD American Society for Nutrition 01.07.2006; American Society for Clinical Nutrition; American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc
• Subjects: administration & dosage; adults; adverse effects; Aged; analysis; apolipoproteins; Apolipoproteins - blood; Apolipoproteins - drug effects; Apolipoproteins B; Apolipoproteins B - blood; Apolipoproteins B - drug effects; Biological and medical sciences; biomarkers; blood; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose - drug effects; Blood Glucose - metabolism; blood lipids; canola oil; Cardiovascular disease; cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - blood; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, HDL - blood; Cholesterol, HDL - drug effects; Cholesterol, LDL; Cholesterol, LDL - blood; Cholesterol, LDL - drug effects; complications; Cross-Over Studies; diet therapy; dietary fat; drug effects; epidemiology; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids - analysis; Fatty Acids - blood; Fatty Acids - metabolism; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated - administration & dosage; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated - pharmacology; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Humans; hydrogenated oils; Hydrogenation; hyperlipidemia; Hyperlipidemias; Hyperlipidemias - blood; Hyperlipidemias - complications; Hyperlipidemias - diet therapy; Lipids; Lipoprotein(a); Lipoprotein(a) - blood; Lipoprotein(a) - drug effects; low density lipoprotein; Male; men; metabolism; Middle Aged; monounsaturated fatty acids; Oils & fats; Palm Oil; palm oils; pharmacology; Plant Oils; Plant Oils - administration & dosage; Plant Oils - adverse effects; Plant Oils - pharmacology; polyunsaturated fatty acids; Proteins; Rapeseed Oil; Risk Factors; soybean oil; Soybean Oil - administration & dosage; Soybean Oil - pharmacology; Triglycerides; Triglycerides - blood; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; women; Phospholipid transfer protein; Pancreatic hormone; trans fatty acids; cholesteryl ester transfer protein; Canola oil; Cardiovascular disease; Lipids; Glucose; Lipoprotein; Ester; Trans fatty acid; Cholesterol HDL; Hyperlipemia; partially hydrogenated soybean oil; Dyslipemia; Soybean oil; lipoproteins; Human; Metabolic diseases; Cholesterol LDL; Insulin; HDL cholesterol; Palm oil; Hydrogenated oil; LDL cholesterol; Comparative study
• ISSN: 0002-9165; 1938-3207
• DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/84.1.54

BACKGROUND: Partially hydrogenated fat has an unfavorable effect on cardiovascular disease risk. Palm oil is a potential substitute because of favorable physical characteristics. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the effect of palm oil on lipoprotein profiles compared with the effects of both partially hydrogenated fat and oils high in monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids. DESIGN: Fifteen volunteers aged >=50 y with LDL cholesterol >=130 mg/dL were provided with food for each of 4 diets (35 d/phase) varying in type of fat (partially hydrogenated soybean, soybean, palm, or canola; two-thirds fat, 20% of energy). Plasma fatty acid profiles, lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein(a), glucose, insulin, HDL subfractions, and indicators of lipoprotein metabolism (HDL-cholesterol fractional esterification rate, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, phospholipid transfer protein, and paraoxonase activities) were measured at the end of each phase. RESULTS: Plasma fatty acid profiles reflected the main source of dietary fat. Partially hydrogenated soybean and palm oils resulted in higher LDL-cholesterol concentrations than did soybean (12% and 14%, respectively; P < 0.05) and canola (16% and 18%; P < 0.05) oils. Apolipoprotein B (P < 0.05) and A-I (P < 0.05) concentrations mirrored the pattern of LDL- and HDL-cholesterol concentrations, respectively. No significant effect on the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio was observed for palm oil compared with the other dietary fats. HDL3 cholesterol was higher after palm oil than after partially hydrogenated and soybean oils (P < 0.05). Differences in measures of glucose and HDL intravascular processing attributable to dietary fat were small. CONCLUSION: Palm and partially hydrogenated soybean oils, compared with soybean and canola oils, adversely altered the lipoprotein profile in moderately hyperlipidemic subjects without significantly affecting HDL intravascular processing markers.