Supplementary automatic generation control using controllable energy storage in electric vehicle battery swapping stations

• Published in: IET generation, transmission & distribution Vol. 10; no. 4; pp. 1107 - 1116
• Main Authors: Xie, Pingping, Li, Yinhong, Zhu, Lin, Shi, Dongyuan, Duan, Xianzhong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: The Institution of Engineering and Technology 10.03.2016
• Subjects: Automatic control; Computer simulation; controllable capacity; controllable energy storage; Electric batteries; electric vehicle battery swapping stations; Electric vehicles; Energy storage; Equivalence; filter‐based AGC coordinated strategy; frequency control; load power fluctuations; lumped S2G equivalent model; Monte Carlo methods; Monte‐Carlo stochastic simulation; power generation control; power system interconnection; regulation power; Stations; station‐to‐grid; Strategy; supplementary automatic generation control; two‐area interconnected power system; wind power; wind power fluctuations; station-to-grid; electric vehicles; filter-based AGC coordinated strategy; two-area interconnected power system; power generation control; frequency control; lumped S2G equivalent model; load power fluctuations; wind power fluctuations; regulation power; controllable energy storage; Monte Carlo methods; wind power; energy storage; power system interconnection; controllable capacity; Monte-Carlo stochastic simulation; supplementary automatic generation control; electric vehicle battery swapping stations
• ISSN: 1751-8687; 1751-8695
• DOI: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2015.0167

One of the significant impacts of the growing penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources is upon the frequency response of power system. Compared with the dispersive electric vehicle energy storage, electric vehicle battery swapping station (BSS), as an emerging form of storage, can provide a more reliable supplementary regulation service for frequency control. This study has proposed a new supplementary automatic generation control (AGC) strategy using controllable energy storage in BSSs, referred to as station-to-grid (S2G). A Monte–Carlo stochastic simulation method is utilised to estimate the equivalent controllable capacity (CC) of BSSs, and then the lumped S2G equivalent model subject to SOC limits and CC constrains is presented. A filter-based AGC coordinated strategy is used to allocate the regulation power between generators and BSSs. The proposed AGC strategy is validated in a two-area interconnected power system with significant load and wind power fluctuations. Comparison analysis demonstrates the availability of the proposed models and control methods.