Sleep Patterns during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain

• Published in: International journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 20; no. 6; p. 4841
• Main Authors: Ruiz-Herrera, Noelia, Díaz-Román, Amparo, Guillén-Riquelme, Alejandro, Quevedo-Blasco, Raúl
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 09.03.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Adult; Analysis; Anxiety; Communicable Disease Control; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; COVID-19 - epidemiology; Daytime; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence; Epidemics; Evaluation; Female; Humans; Insomnia; Latency; Laws, regulations and rules; Male; Pandemics; Questionnaires; Shelter in place; Signs and symptoms; Sleep; Sleep and wakefulness; Sleep disorders; Sleepiness; Software; Spain - epidemiology; Statistical analysis; Stress; Variables; Viral diseases; Womens health; Spain; sleep; coronavirus; pandemic; circadian rhythm
• ISSN: 1660-4601; 1661-7827; 1660-4601
• DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064841

To mitigate the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, governments around the world adopted exceptional lockdown measures. This led to the disruption of normal life routines, including sleep. The aim of this study was to analyze differences in sleep patterns and subjective variables of sleep quality before and during lockdown. A sample of 1673 Spanish adults (30% men; 82% of the total were between 21 and 50 years of age) was evaluated. The following sleep variables were evaluated: Sleep latency, sleep time, number and duration of awakenings, sleep satisfaction, daytime sleepiness, and the manifestation of symptoms related to sleep problems. Although 45% of people changed their sleep schedules (resulting in 42% sleeping longer during lockdown), sleep quality (37.6% worse), daytime sleepiness (28% worse), number of awakenings (36.9% more), and duration of awakenings (45% longer) were markedly worse. Statistical analyses indicated significant differences in all the evaluated sleep variables before and during lockdown in both men and women. Women reported less sleep satisfaction, and more symptoms related to sleep problems than men. A deterioration in the sleep patterns of the Spanish population, especially women, because of the lockdown declared due to the COVID-19 pandemic.