Increased Dairy Product Intake Alters Serum Metabolite Profiles in Subjects at Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes

• Published in: Molecular nutrition & food research Vol. 63; no. 19; pp. e1900126 - n/a
• Main Authors: O'Connor, Sarah, Greffard, Karine, Leclercq, Mickael, Julien, Pierre, Weisnagel, Stanley John, Gagnon, Claudia, Droit, Arnaud, Bilodeau, Jean‐François, Rudkowska, Iwona
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.10.2019
• Subjects: Acids; adults; at-risk population; Benzoic acid; beta-sitosterol; Biomarkers; blood serum; chronic diseases; Chronic illnesses; cross-over studies; dairy consumption; Dairy products; decanoic acid; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diet; dodecanoic acid; gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; health effects assessments; Hexanoic acid; Histidine; hyperinsulinemia; Inositol; Lauric acid; Malic acid; metabolite profiling; Metabolites; Metabolomics; Methionine; milk; myo-inositol; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; Octanoic acid; pelargonic acid; prediabetes; Sorbitol; Tyrosine; milk; gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; hyperinsulinemia; metabolite profiling; biomarkers; prediabetes
• ISSN: 1613-4125; 1613-4133; 1613-4133
• DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900126

Scope Metabolomics is increasingly used to identify biomarkers of diet or chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. Yet, metabolite signatures following dairy intake in hyperinsulinemic subjects have not been identified. The objective is to evaluate the effects of a high dairy diet (HD) for 6 weeks (4 servings or more per day), compared with an adequate dairy diet (AD) (2 servings or less per day), on serum metabolite profiles in hyperinsulinemic adults. Methods and results In this crossover trial, subjects are randomized to HD or AD for 6 weeks. Serum metabolites are assessed using GC/MS. Twenty‐six subjects completed the study. Levels of pentadecanoic acid, tyrosine and lathosterol are increased in HD, while 1,5‐anhydrosorbitol, myo‐inositol, 3‐aminoisobutyric acid and beta‐sitosterol are decreased (p < 0.05). Sorbitol levels are increased after AD, while hexanoic acid, lauric acid, l‐kynurenine, methionine, and benzoic acid levels are reduced (p < 0.05). Histidine, caprylic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, lauric acid, heptadecanoic acid, and benzoic acid levels are increased in HD compared to AD, while malic acid levels are increased in AD compared with HD (p < 0.05). Conclusion Higher dairy products intake modifies metabolite profiles in hyperinsulinemic subjects. Dairy product consumption can help in the prevention of type 2 diabetes. In this clinical study with adults at risk of diabetes, the analysis of small molecules in the blood is used to explore how dairy products interact with type 2 diabetes and to identify new markers of dairy intake. Some specific molecules are affected by dairy intake.