Solar, Wind and Their Hybridization Integration for Multi-Machine Power System Oscillation Controllers Optimization: A Review

• Published in: Energies (Basel) Vol. 16; no. 1; p. 24
• Main Authors: Sabo, Aliyu, Kolapo, Bashir, Odoh, Theophilus, Dyari, Musa, Abdul Wahab, Noor, Veerasamy, Veerapandiyan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.01.2023
• Subjects: Alternative energy sources; Artificial intelligence; Control systems; Control systems design; Controllers; Damping; damping controller; Electric power; Electricity distribution; Energy demand; Energy resources; Environmental aspects; Flexible AC power transmission systems; flexible AC transmission system (FACTS); Generators; Hybridization; Integration; Mathematical optimization; maximum power point tracker (MPPT); Maximum power tracking; Optimization; Oscillations; Performance evaluation; Phase locked loops; phase-lock loop (PLL); Photovoltaics; Power supply; power system stabilizer (PSS); Provisioning; Renewable resources; Reviews; Solar energy; Solar oscillations; Stability; Supply and demand; Synchronism; Synchronization; Synchronous machines; Systems stability; virtual synchronous generator (VSG); Wind power; Malaysia
• ISSN: 1996-1073; 1996-1073
• DOI: 10.3390/en16010024

Massive growth in global electrical energy demand has necessitated a genuine exploration and integration of solar and wind energy into the electrical power mix. This incorporation goes a long way in improving the cumulative generated power capacity of the power system. However, wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) are intermittent in nature, making the provisioning of a good maximum power tracking (MPPT) scheme necessary. Furthermore, the integration is characterized by synchronization challenges and introduces various modes of power system oscillations as it is converter-driven. This greatly affects the overall stability of the integrated power mix. Consequently, various technological models have been designed to address these challenges ranging from MPPT schemes, phase-lock loop (PLL), virtual synchronous generator (VSG), power system stabilizers (PSS), flexible AC transmission system (FACTS), coordinated control and artificial intelligence (AI). In this work, a multi-machine power system model is reviewed for integration stability studies. Various technical solutions associated with the integration are also reviewed. MPPT, PLL, VSG, PSS, FACTS, coordinated control, and various optimization technique schemes used for damping controller design are discussed.