Italian Version of Cancer Dyspnea Scale: Cultural-Linguistic and Clinical Validation in Patients With Advanced Cancer Disease in Palliative Care Settings

• Published in: Journal of pain and symptom management Vol. 61; no. 3; pp. 571 - 578.e1
• Main Authors: Tinti, Stefania, De Maria, Beatrice, Parati, Monica, Terzoni, Stefano, Rossi, Maria Cristiana, Da Col, Daria, Pairona, Giulia, Longhi, Carla, Giudici, Elisa, Pidone, Irene, Alberti, Annalisa, Sofia, Michele, Ramponi, Ida, Urbano, Nicla, Tanaka, Keiko, Destrebecq, Anne
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.03.2021; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: advanced disease; Cancer; Cancer Dyspnea Scale; Clinical medicine; Confirmatory factor analysis; Construct validity; Convergent validity; Cronbach's alpha; Discomfort; Dyspnea; Feasibility; Health care; Italian language; Medical personnel; Palliative care; psychometric properties; Quality of life; Questionnaires; Validation studies; Validity; psychometric properties; Dyspnea; advanced disease; palliative care; Cancer Dyspnea Scale
• ISSN: 0885-3924; 1873-6513
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.10.008

The Cancer Dyspnea Scale (CDS) is a self-reported multidimensional tool used for the assessment of dyspnea, a subjective experience of breathing discomfort, in patients with cancer. The scale describes dyspnea using three distinct factors: physical, psychological, and discomfort at rest. To crossculturally validate the Italian version of CDS (CDS-IT) and examine its content validity, feasibility, internal consistency, and construct validity in patients with advanced cancer. A cross-sectional study was conducted. CDS-IT was forward-backward translated, and its content was validated among a group of experts. Cronbach's α coefficients were used to assess the internal consistency. Construct validity was examined in terms of structural validity through confirmatory factor analysis, and convergent validity was examined with Visual Analogue Scale Dyspnea through the Pearson's correlation coefficient (r). Cancer Quality of life (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 15 Palliative Care) and Italian Palliative Outcome Scale were also tested. The CDS-IT was crossculturally validated and showed satisfactory content validity. A total of 101 patients (mean age = 76 [SD = 12]; 53% females) were recruited in palliative care settings. CDS-IT reported a good internal consistency in the total score and its factors (α = 0.74–0.83). The factor analysis corresponded acceptably but not completely with the original study. CDS-IT strongly correlated with Visual Analogue Scale Dyspnea (r = 0.68) and moderately with Italian Palliative Outcome Scale and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 15 Palliative Care (r = 0.33–0.36, respectively). The study findings supported the crosscultural validity of the CDS-IT. Its feasibility, internal consistency, and construct validity are satisfactory for clinical practice. The CDS-IT is available to health care professionals as a useful tool to assess dyspnea in patients with cancer.