Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Localization of the Normal Pituitary Gland in Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenoma Patients Using the Radiological Sign of "Internal Carotid Artery Notch"

• Published in: World neurosurgery Vol. 166; pp. e177 - e188
• Main Authors: Mukada, Naoto, Tosaka, Masahiko, Yamaguchi, Rei, Tanaka, Yukitaka, Takahashi, Ayako, Shimauchi-Otaki, Hiroya, Osawa, Sho, Tsushima, Yoshito, Yoshimoto, Yuhei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.10.2022
• Subjects: Adenoma - diagnostic imaging; Adenoma - surgery; Carotid Artery, Internal - diagnostic imaging; Carotid Artery, Internal - pathology; Carotid Artery, Internal - surgery; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods; Pituitary Gland - diagnostic imaging; Pituitary Gland - pathology; Pituitary Gland - surgery; Pituitary Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging; Pituitary Neoplasms - pathology; Pituitary Neoplasms - surgery; Asymmetry; Knosp classification; MRI; Nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma
• ISSN: 1878-8750; 1878-8769
• DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.06.137

Asymmetric features of nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) are poorly understood. We investigated the asymmetry in NFPA on magnetic resonance imaging. We reviewed preoperative magnetic resonance imaging findings of patients initially treated for NFPA. The internal carotid artery (ICA) often seemed to cause an indentation in the external shape of the tumor (i.e., the ICA notch). Two cases with a normal pituitary gland located at the midline were excluded. The remaining 66 cases were examined. The side where the normal gland was located was defined as the normal pituitary side and the opposite side as the cavernous sinus side. The Knosp grade was significantly higher on the cavernous sinus side (P < 0.001), and the vertical distance of the ICA was significantly greater on the cavernous sinus side (P < 0.001). The ICA notch was found in 87.9% of all cases on the normal pituitary side, but in only 45.5% on the cavernous sinus side (P < 0.001). In cases with a single-side ICA notch (34 of 68), the ICA notch was found in 91.2% of cases and on the cavernous sinus side in 8.8% (P < 0.001). Magnetic resonance imaging of NFPA frequently shows asymmetry. The tumor does not extend laterally on the normal pituitary side but extends laterally more freely on the cavernous sinus side. The ICA notch is often found on the normal pituitary side where the position of ICA does not move. This may be useful as a preoperative sign to indicate the normal pituitary side.