Design and Development of OECT Logic Circuits for Electrical Stimulation Applications

This paper presents the first successful implementation of fully printed electronics for flexible and wearable smart multi-pad stimulation electrodes intended for use in medical, sports and lifestyle applications. The smart multi-pad electrodes with the electronic circuits based on organic electroch...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inApplied sciences Vol. 12; no. 8; p. 3985
Main Authors Kostić, Miloš, Kojić, Vladimir, Ičagić, Savo, Andersson Ersman, Peter, Mulla, Mohammad Yusuf, Strandberg, Jan, Herlogsson, Lars, Keller, Thierry, Štrbac, Matija
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.04.2022
Subjects
Cell proliferation
Circuit design
Circuits
electrical stimulation
Electrical stimuli
Electrochemistry
Electrodes
Electrolytes
Electronic circuits
Electronics
Equivalent circuits
flexible and wearable electronics
Interfaces
Logic circuits
Manufacturing
multi-pad electrodes
Multilayers
Muscle contraction
Muscles
Muscular function
organic electrochemical transistors
printed logic circuits
Screen printing
Semiconductor devices
Sensory stimuli
Skin
Stimulation
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation-TENS
Transistors
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Summary:This paper presents the first successful implementation of fully printed electronics for flexible and wearable smart multi-pad stimulation electrodes intended for use in medical, sports and lifestyle applications. The smart multi-pad electrodes with the electronic circuits based on organic electrochemical transistor (OECT)-based electronic circuits comprising the 3–8 decoder for active pad selection and high current throughput transistors for switching were produced by multi-layer screen printing. Devices with different architectures of switching transistors were tested in relevant conditions for electrical stimulation applications. An automated testbed with a configurable stimulation source and an adjustable human model equivalent circuit was developed for this purpose. Three of the proposed architectures successfully routed electrical currents of up to 15 mA at an output voltage of 30 V, while one was reliably performing even at 40 V. The presented results demonstrate feasibility of the concept in a range of conditions relevant to several applications of electrical stimulation.
ISSN:2076-3417
2076-3417
DOI:10.3390/app12083985