Production and applications of activated carbons as adsorbents from olive stones

• Published in: Biomass conversion and biorefinery Vol. 9; no. 4; pp. 775 - 802
• Main Authors: Saleem, Junaid, Shahid, Usman Bin, Hijab, Mouhammad, Mackey, Hamish, McKay, Gordon
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.12.2019; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Activated carbon; Adsorbents; Adsorption; Biotechnology; Chemical treatment; Energy; Heavy metals; Organic chemistry; Renewable and Green Energy; Review Article; Stone; Wastewater treatment; Olive stones; Adsorption; Wastewater treatment; Activated carbon
• ISSN: 2190-6815; 2190-6823
• DOI: 10.1007/s13399-019-00473-7

Olive stones have been widely used as a renewable energy biowaste source. As they are rich in elemental carbon (40–45 wt%), much research focussed on effectively converting olive stones, as precursors, into activated carbon adsorbents. However, only a few studies have concentrated on summarising the various techniques used to produce activated carbon from olive stone. This article reviews the research undertaken on the production and application of activated carbon as an adsorbent from olive stones for wastewater treatment. Various physical, chemical and physico-chemical treatments to remove heavy metals, organics and dyes are discussed, and the resultant adsorption capacities are reported. In several cases, very high adsorption capacities are recorded. Finally, the future prospects of these materials as adsorbents are discussed, and after further development work, olive stone-derived activated carbons have great potential especially in the area of organic polluted wastewaters. Activation process of olive stone Graphical abstract