Development and In Vivo Preclinical Imaging of Fluorine-18-Labeled Synaptic Vesicle Protein 2A (SV2A) PET Tracers

• Published in: Molecular imaging and biology Vol. 21; no. 3; pp. 509 - 518
• Main Authors: Constantinescu, Cristian C., Tresse, Cedric, Zheng, MingQiang, Gouasmat, Alexandra, Carroll, Vincent M, Mistico, Laetitia, Alagille, David, Sandiego, Christine M., Papin, Caroline, Marek, Kenneth, Seibyl, John P., Tamagnan, Gilles D., Barret, Olivier
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.06.2019; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Animal models; Animals; Biomarkers; Blocking; Brain; Brain - diagnostic imaging; Cyclotrons; Derivatives; Emission analysis; Enantiomers; Etiracetam; Fluorine; Fluorine isotopes; Fluorine Radioisotopes - chemistry; Imaging; In vivo methods and tests; Kinetics; Macaca fascicularis; Macaca mulatta; Medical imaging; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Nerve Tissue Proteins - metabolism; Neurodegenerative diseases; Neuroimaging; Neurological diseases; Occupancy; Positron emission; Positron emission tomography; Primates; Proteins; Radiation; Radiation dosage; Radioactive tracers; Radioisotopes; Radiology; Radiometry; Radiopharmaceuticals - chemistry; Reaction kinetics; Research Article; Substantia grisea; Synaptic density; Synaptic Vesicles - metabolism; Tissue Distribution; Tomography; MNI-126; Synaptic density; PET imaging; SV2A; F-18; Neurodegenerative disorders
• ISSN: 1536-1632; 1860-2002; 1860-2002
• DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1260-5

Purpose Synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) serves as a biomarker of synaptic density and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of SV2A could provide a tool to assess progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Two tracers have primarily been reported and characterized in vivo : [ 11 C]UCB-J and [ 18 F]UCB-H. In early human studies, [ 11 C]UCB-J showed promising results, while its F-18-labeled analogue [ 18 F]UCB-H showed suboptimal specific signal in comparison to [ 11 C]UCB-J. Considering the limited use of [ 11 C]UCB-J to facilities with a cyclotron, having a F-18 variant would facilitate large, multicenter imaging trials. We have screened several F-18 derivatives of UCB-J in non-human primates and identified a promising F-18 PET candidate, [ 18 F]MNI-1126, with additional investigations of the racemate [ 18 F]MNI-1038, affording a signal comparable to [ 11 C]UCB-J. Procedures F-18 derivatives of UCB-J and UCB-H were synthesized and administered to non-human primates for microPET imaging. Following screenings, [ 18 F]MNI-1038 (racemate) and [ 18 F]MNI-1126 (R-enantiomer) were identified with the highest signal and favorable kinetics and were selected for further imaging. Kinetic modeling with one- and two-tissue compartmental models, and linear methods were applied to PET data using metabolite-corrected arterial input function. Pre-block scans with levetiracetam (LEV, 10, 30 mg/kg, iv) were performed to determine the tracers’ in vivo specificity for SV2A. Two whole-body PET studies were performed with [ 18 F]MNI-1038 in one male and one female rhesus, and radiation absorbed dose estimates and effective dose (ED, ICRP-103) were estimated with OLINDA/EXM 2.0. Results All compounds screened displayed very good brain penetration, with a plasma-free fraction of ~ 40 %. [ 18 F]MNI-1126 and [ 18 F]MNI-1038 showed uptake and distribution the most consistent with UCB-J, while the other derivatives showed suboptimal results, with similar or lower uptake than [ 18 F]UCB-H. V T of [ 18 F]MNI-1126 and [ 18 F]MNI-1038 was high in all gray matter regions (within animal averages ~ 30 ml/cm 3 ) and highly correlated with [ 11 C]UCB-J ( r  > 0.99). Pre-blocking of [ 18 F]MNI-1126 or [ 18 F]MNI-1038 with LEV showed robust occupancy across all gray matter regions, similar to that reported with [ 11 C]UCB-J (~ 85 % at 30 mg/kg, ~ 65 % at 10 mg/kg). Using the centrum semiovale as a reference region, BP ND of [ 18 F]MNI-1126 reached values of up to ~ 30 to 40 % higher than those reported for [ 11 C]UCB-J. From whole-body imaging average ED of [ 18 F]MNI-1038 was estimated to be 22.3 μSv/MBq, with tracer being eliminated via both urinary and hepatobiliary pathways. Conclusions We have identified a F-18-labeled tracer ([ 18 F]MNI-1126) that exhibits comparable in vivo characteristics and specificity for SV2A to [ 11 C]UCB-J in non-human primates, which makes [ 18 F]MNI-1126 a promising PET radiotracer for imaging SV2A in human trials.