Experimental Study on the Effect of Extreme Waves on a LNG Carrier

• Published in: Journal of marine science and application Vol. 22; no. 1; pp. 52 - 74
• Main Authors: Klein, Marco, Wang, Shan, Clauss, Günther, Guedes Soares, C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.03.2023; Springer Nature B.V; German Aerospace Center(DLR),Institute of Maritime Energy Systems,Max-Planck-Stra?e 2,Geesthacht 21502,Germany; Hamburg University of Technology,Offshore Dynamics Group,Schlo?mühlendamm 30,Hamburg 21073,Germany%Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering(CENTEC),Instituto Superior Técnico,Universidade de Lisboa,Avenida Ro visco Pais,Lisboa 1049-001,Portugal
• Subjects: Bending moments; Breathers; Carrier models; Decks; Deformation; Design; Electrical Machines and Networks; Engineering; Extreme values; Extreme waves; Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences; Irregular waves; Liquefied natural gas; Loads (forces); Machinery and Machine Elements; Model testing; Offshore Engineering; Power Electronics; Regular waves; Research Article; Schrodinger equation; Slamming; Slopes; Statistical analysis; Statistical methods; Tests; Water circulation; Water column; Wave packets; Wave slope; Wave-structure interaction; Extreme wave events; Breather solutions; Draupner wave
• ISSN: 1671-9433; 1993-5048
• DOI: 10.1007/s11804-023-00321-1

This paper presents a comprehensive experimental study on the effect of extreme waves on a LNG carrier. The LNG carrier model was equipped with a variety of sensors to measure motions, green water height on deck as well as local and global loads. Experiments in transient wave packets provided the general performance in waves in terms of response amplitude operators and were accompanied by tests in regular waves with two different wave steepness. These tests allowed detailed insights into the nonlinear behavior of the vertical wave bending moment in steep waves showing that green water on deck can contribute to a decrease of vertical wave bending moment. Afterwards, systematic model tests in irregular waves were performed to provide the basis for statistical analysis. It is shown that the generalized extreme value distribution model is suitable for the estimation of the extreme peak values of motions and loads. Finally, model tests in tailored extreme wave sequences were conducted comparing the results with the statistical analysis. For this purpose, analytical breather solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation were applied to generate tailored extreme waves of certain critical wave lengths in terms of ship response. Besides these design extreme waves, the LGN carrier was also investigated in the model scale reproduction of the real-world Draupner wave. By comparing the motions, vertical wave bending moment, green water column and slamming pressures it is concluded that the breather solutions are a powerful and efficient tool for the generation of design extreme waves of certain critical wave lengths for wave/structure investigations on different subjects.