Sprint and endurance training in relation to redox balance, inflammatory status and biomarkers of aging in master athletes

• Published in: Nitric oxide Vol. 102; pp. 42 - 51
• Main Authors: Rosa, Thiago Santos, Neves, Rodrigo Vanerson Passos, Deus, Lysleine Alves, Sousa, Caio Victor, da Silva Aguiar, Samuel, de Souza, Michel Kendy, Moraes, Milton Rocha, Rosa, Érica Carine Campos Caldas, Andrade, Rosangela Vieira, Korhonen, Marko T., Simões, Herbert Gustavo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.09.2020
• Subjects: ADMA; Adult; Aged; Aging - metabolism; Athletes; Biomarkers - metabolism; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cytokines; Endurance Training; Humans; Inflammation - metabolism; Irisin; Klotho-FGF-23; Male; Master athletes; Middle Aged; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative stress; Running; Young Adult; Klotho-FGF-23; Oxidative stress; Irisin; ADMA; Cytokines; Master athletes
• ISSN: 1089-8603; 1089-8611
• DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2020.05.004

Studies have shown a positive influence of intense athletic training on several biomarkers of aging, but it remains unclear whether this influence is dependent of exercise-training-mode. This study compared redox balance, cytokine levels and biomarkers of aging between master sprinters and endurance athletes, as well as in young and middle-aged individuals as controls. Participants were male master sprinters (SA, 50 ± 8.9yrs; n = 13) and endurance runners (EA, 53 ± 8.2yrs; n = 18) with remarkable athletic experience (~25yrs of practice), besides untrained young (YC, 22.7 ± 3.9yrs; n = 17) and age-matched controls (MC, 45.5 ± 9.8yrs; n = 12). Anamnesis, anthropometrics, biomarkers of aging, inflammation status and oxidative stress parameters were analyzed in all participants. An increased pro-oxidant activity (elevated protein carbonyl; isoprostanes and 8-OHdG) was observed for MC in comparison to remaining groups (p < 0.05). However, SA presented a better antioxidant capacity than both MC and EA, while nitrite/nitrate (NOx) availability was higher for EA and lower for the MC (p < 0.05). Both groups of athletes presented a better anti-inflammatory status than MC (increased IL-10 and lowered IL-6, sIL-6R, sTNF-RI), but worse than YC (increased TNF-α, sTNF-RI, and sIL-6R) (p < 0.05). Telomere length was shorter in MC, which also had lower levels of irisin and klotho, and elevated FGF-23 (p < 0.05). ADMA levels were higher in MC and SA, while irisin was lower in EA when compared to SA and YC (p < 0.05). Master athletes presented better redox balance and inflammatory status, with decreased biomarkers of aging compared to control. Regarding exercise mode, a better NO- profile, as a marker of endothelial function, was observed for EA, whereas SA had a better redox balance, cytokines profile and attenuated biomarkers of aging.